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Architectural Adaptation and Decorative Art of Baijia Courtyard in Baotou, Inner Mongolia
ZHANG Si-si, WU Li-yue, LI Yan-jun
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DOI:10.17265/2159-5836/2026.05.007
Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
Taking the Zou Xikou migration as its historical and cultural background, this study examines the architectural and artistic characteristics of traditional roofed dwellings represented by Baijia Courtyard in Baotou, Inner Mongolia. Through an analysis of roof form, spatial layout, structural system, material selection, and decorative art, the paper explores how Shanxi-Shaanxi courtyard-house traditions were transplanted, adapted, and reinterpreted in the environmental and cultural context of western Inner Mongolia. The study argues that Baijia Courtyard is not a traditional Mongolian dwelling, but a representative Han-style merchant residence shaped by migration, regional adaptation, and cultural interaction. Its double-pitched hard-gable roofs, locally sourced tiles and stone slabs, enclosed courtyard layout, chuihua gate, screen wall, and brick, wood, and stone carvings together reveal a process in which immigrant building traditions responded to Baotou’s cold, dry, and windy climate, as well as to the mixed livelihood patterns of farming, commerce, and settlement. As a material carrier of cultural negotiation between agrarian and nomadic regions, Baijia Courtyard provides a valuable case for understanding the localization of traditional roofed dwellings in northern China and the architectural legacy of immigrant settlements in Inner Mongolia.
Zou Xikou migration, traditional roofed dwellings, Baijia Courtyard, architectural adaptation, decorative art
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