 |
[email protected] |
 |
3275638434 |
 |
 |
| Paper Publishing WeChat |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
The Relationship Between Government Policy and Financial Performance: A Study on the SMEs in Iraq
Emad Harash, Karim Al-Tamimi, Suhail Al-Timimi
Full-Text PDF
XML 640 Views
DOI:10.17265/1537-1514/2014.04.005
Emad Harash, Ph.D., Department of Accounting, Madenat Alelem University College.
Karim Al-Tamimi, Ph.D., Department of Law, Madenat Alelem University College.
Suhail Al-Timimi, Ph.D., College of Admin and Economics, University of Basra.
The study examined the relationship between government policies and financial performance in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Iraq. The study aimed at establishing the relationship between government policies and financial performance of SMEs. In the Republic of Iraq, it is estimated that 99% of the business entities are SMEs. They also contribute to GDP and provide employment. Notwithstanding the recognition of the important roles SMEs play in Iraq, their development is largely constrained by a number of factors, such as the existence of laws, regulations, and rules that impede the development of the sector. The study provided some relevant recommendations to policy makers, development agencies, entrepreneurs, and SME managers to ascertain the appropriate strategy to improve the SME sector in Iraq.
government policy, financial performance, small and medium enterprises (SMEs)
Abereijo, I. O., & Fayomi, A. O. (2005). Innovative approach to SME financing in Nigeria: A review of small and medium industries equity investment scheme (SMIEIS). J. Soc. Sci., 11(3), 219-227.
Abor, J., & Quartey, P. (2010). Issues in SME development in Ghana and South Africa. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 39, 218-228.
Abu-Jarad, I. Y., Yusof, N., & Nikbin, D. (2010). A review paper on organizational culture and organizational performance. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 1(3), 26-46.
Araujo, L., Kjellberg, H., & Spencer, R. (2008). Market practices and forms: Introduction to the special issue. Marketing Theory, 8(1), 5-14.
Ayyagari, M., Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Beck, T. (2003). Small and medium enterprises across the globe: A new database. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 3127.
Borges, M., Hoppen, N., & Luce, F. B. (2009). Information technology impact on market orientation in e-business. Journal of business research, 62(9), 883-890.
Brimble, P., Oldfield, D., & Monsakul, M. (2002). 8 Policies for SME Recovery in Thailand. The Role of SMEs in National Economies in East Asia, 2, 202.
Chenhall, R. H., & Langfield-Smith, K. (2007). Multiple perspectives of performance measures. European Management Journal, 25(4), 266-282.
Dandago, K. I., & Usman, A. Y. (2011). Assessment of government industrialisation policies on promoting the growth of small scale industries in Nigeria. Proceedings from Ben-Africa Conference Zanzibar, Tanzania.
Davis, G. F., & Cobb, J. A. (2010). Resource dependence theory: Past and future. Research in the Sociology of Organizations, 28, 21-42.
Doyle, P. (1994). Setting business objectives and measuring performance. European Management Journal, 12, 123-132.
Falkena, H., Abedian, I., Von Blottnitz, M., Coovadia, C., Davel, G., Magungandaba, J., ... Rees, S. (2002). SMEs’ access to finance in South Africa. Pretoria: The Task Group of the Policy Board for Financial Services and Regulation.
Govindarajan, V. (1988). A contingency approach to strategy implementation at the business-unit level: Integrating administrative mechanisms with strategy. Academy of Management Journal, 31(4), 828-853.
Hak-Su, K. (2007). Small and medium enterprises and ICT. Retrieved from http://www.wasmeinfo.org/Resource/SME%20and%20ICT%20Book.pdf
Harash, E., Fatima, J. A., & Essia, R. A. (2013). Moderating effect of market practices on the government policy—Performance relationship in Iraq SMEs.Proceedings from 4th Global Conference for Academic Research on Economics, Business and Management (GCAR-EBM). Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Harvie, C. (2001). Competition policy and SMEs in Vietnam. Working paper series 2001, WP 01 10, Department of economic, Department of economic University of Wollongong, 2001.
Harvie, C. (2002). China’s SMEs: Their evolution and future prospects in an evolving market economy. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.
Hoque, Z., & James, W. (2000). Linking balanced scorecard measures to size and market factors: Impact on organizational performance. Journal of Management Accounting Research, 12, 1-18.
Islam, M. A., Khan, M. A., Obaidullah, A. Z. M., & Alam, M. S. (2011). Effect of entrepreneur and firm characteristics on the business success of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Bangladesh. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(3), 289.
Keh, H. T. Nguyen, T. T. M., & Ng, H. P. (2007). The effects of entrepreneurial orientation and marketing information on the performance of SMEs. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(4), 592-611.
Kjellberg, H., & Helgesson, C. F. (2006). Multiple versions of markets: Multiplicity and performativity in market practice. Industrial Marketing Management, 35(7), 839-855.
Kjellberg, H., & Helgesson, C. F. (2007). On the nature of markets and their practices. Marketing Theory, 7(2), 137-162.
Kongolo, M. (2010). Job creation versus job shedding and the role of SMEs in economic development. African Journal of Business Management, 4(11), 2288-2295.
Liao, S. H., & Wu, C. C. (2009). The relationship among knowledge management, organizational learning, and organizational performance. International Journal of Business and Management, 4(4), 64-76.
Mohd Shariff, M. N. M., & Peou, C. (2008). The relationship of entrepreneurial values, firm financing and the management and growth performance of small-medium enterprises in Cambodia. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 6(4), 55-64.
Mohd Shariff, M. N., Peou, C., & Ali, J. (2010). Moderating effect of government policy on entrepreneurship and growth performance of small-medium enterprises in Cambodia. International Journal of Business and Management Science, 3(1), 57.
Mukaila Ayanda, A., & Sidikat Laraba, A. (2011). Small and medium scale enterprises as a survival strategy for employment generation in Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development, 4(1), 200.
Nguyen, T. H., Alam, Q., Perry, M., & Prajogo, D. (2009). The entrepreneurial role of the state and SME growth in Vietnam. Journal of Administration & Governance, 4(1), 60-71.
Nugent, J. B., & Yhee, S. J. (2002). Small and medium enterprises in Korea: Achievements, constraints and policy issues. Small Business Economics, 18(1), 85-119.
Ogechukwu, A. D., & Latinwo, H. (2010). Entrepreneurial developments and small scale industry contribution to Nigerian national development—A marketing interface. Information Management and Business Review, 1(2), 51-68.
Okpara, J. O., & Wynn, P. (2007). Determinants of small business growth constraints in a sub-Saharan African economy. SAM Advanced Management Journal, 72(2), 24.
Onugu, B. A. N. (2005). Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria: Problems and prospects (Unpublished Dissertation for a Doctor of Philosophy in Management Award, St. Clements University, Nigeria).
Opara, B. C. (2010). Prospects of marketing made in Nigeria products in the global market. European Journal of Social Sciences, 16(2), 175.
Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD). (2004). For promoting entrepreneurship and innovative smes in a global economy: Towards a more responsible and inclusive globalisation. Proceedings from 2nd OECD Conference of Ministers Responsible for Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs). Paris, France.
Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD). (2009). The impact of the global crisis on SME and entrepreneurship financing and policy responses. Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs and Local Development.
Penrose, E. (1995). The theory of the growth of the firm. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sana, A. U., & Abbas, A. A. (2005). The SME sector in Iraq: A key resource to short-term income generation and longer-term development. International Labour Office Geneva.
Sobri Minai, M., & Lucky, E. O. I. (2011). The moderating effect of location on small firm performance: Empirical evidence. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(10), 178.
Stainer, L. (2006). Performance management and corporate social responsibility: The strategic connection. Strat. Change, 15, 253-264.
Tambunan, T. (2005). Promoting small and medium enterprises with a clustering approach: A policy experience from Indonesia. Journal of Small Business Management, 43(2), 138-154.
United States Agency for International Development (USAID). (2009). Iraq economic recovery assessment. USAID.
United States Agency for International Development (USAID). (2010). Investor guide to Iraq. USAID.
United States Agency for International Development USAID. (2011). State of Iraq’s microfinance industry. USAID.
Wamono, R. N., Kikabi, P., & Mugisha, J. (2012). Constraints and opportunities for SMEs investment in Uganda’s oil and gas sector. Investment Climate and Business Environmental Research Fund.
Wheelen, T. L., & Hunger, D. J. (1995). Strategic management and business policy. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
Yamin, S., Gunasekaran, A., & Mavondo, F. T. (1999). Relationship between generic strategies, competitive advantage and organizational performance: An empirical analysis. Technovation, 19(8), 507-518.