As global demand for
sustainable agriculture rises, biopesticides represented by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have become a core alternative to chemical pesticides. However,
UV-induced photodegradation severely limits the field efficacy of conventional
Bt products. Melanin-enhanced Bt, a genetically modified microbial (GMM)
formulation with improved photostability, offers a technical solution, yet it
faces divergent regulatory barriers across major economies that hinder its global adoption. Taking the United States, the
European Union, China, and Brazil as research subjects, this paper
systematically compares their regulatory frameworks for melanin-enhanced Bt,
analyzes the structural drivers of
regulatory divergence from four dimensions—political philosophy, economic
interests, historical memory, and international trade regimes—and
proposes targeted policy recommendations at global, national, and industrial
levels.
Bt biopesticide,
melanin, genetically modified microorganism, regulatory divergence, global
governance
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