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China’s Foreign Relations and Wars With Neighboring Countries Since Modern Times
SI Nian
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DOI:10.17265/2328-2177/2026.06.007
Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Since modern times, with the development of social economy, the self-sufficient small-peasant economy under feudal rule has gradually disintegrated, and the capitalist economy has emerged and grown. China’s trade continued to expand. The Ming government exchanged large quantities of goods with neighboring countries, fostering economic and trade development between China and its neighbors, and its influence extended beyond Southeast Asia, even leaving traces of Chinese commercial activities in Europe and Africa, thereby deepening other regions’ longing for China.
trade, treaty, war, foreign relations
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