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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Fatima H. Kazem1, Jaafar S. Maatooq2, and Mohammed S. Wahad2
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DOI:10.17265/1934-7359/2026.06.005
1. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad 10066, Iraq 2. Center of Studies and Engineering Designs (CSED), Baghdad 10001, Iraq
This study aims to develop a new Empirical Formula to calculate the sediment load in Al-Gharraf River in southern Iraq. The targeted portion of the river stretches for 88 km, starting from the head regulator at the Wassit Governorate and to the cross regulator No. 2 (Wassit and Dhi-Qar governorates boundary). Hydraulic, sediment, and geometric measurements were taken for selected reaches to derive the equation. Thirteen cross-sections along the river were analyzed within the study area. Water samples were collected at different depths, and bed samples were taken for the sections. Sieve analysis, including hydrometry analysis, was conducted on these samples. After statistical data analysis, a new formula was developed to estimate the suspended sediment load in Al-Gharraf River based on data from ten river cross sections manipulated using the SPSS program. The determination coefficient of the new formula was found to be (R2 = 0.96). Statistical indicators were calculated to ensure the accuracy of the excellent formula results. Also, the new formula was applied to the data from Al-Gharraf River collected by other researchers in different years, and the results were also good. Three formulas from previously proposed in literature formulas have been used to estimate the rate of suspension sediment these are; Bagnold (1966), Van Rijn (1984b), and Daham (2021). Bagnold (1966), Van Rijin (1984b) are adopted as a universal to clarify their reliability for use as deterministic equations, specifically for the current study section. While for Daham (20121) formula, its selection as an equation was derived from a previous study on Al-Gharraf River. The results of Van Rijn’s (1984b) and Bagnold’s (1966) formulas were far off, while the sediment concentrations calculated using Daham’s (2021) formula were consistent with the observed sediment concentration with Mean standard Error equal to 9.09%. The obtained results proved that the equation resulting from this study is perfect in sediment calculation investigations along Al-Gharraf River.
Al-Gharraf River ;Sediment Transport; Determenistic Equation; Suspended Sediment.
Fatima H. Kazem, Jaafar S. Maatooq, and Mohammed S. Wahad. (2026). Estimation of the Quantity of Sediment Transport by Al-Gharaf River Southern Iraq Using New Empirical Formula, Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, June 2026, Vol. 20, No. 6, 238-247.
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