Analyzing Secular-Religious Divide in Israeli Society Through Conflict Theory

This paper examines the complex relationship between secular and religious communities in Israel, highlighting the socio-political tensions that arise from competing cultural norms and governance frameworks. Secular Jews, who constitute a significant portion of the population, advocate for civil liberties, the separation of religion and state, and the integration of ultra-Orthodox communities into broader society. In contrast, religious groups exert substantial influence within coalition governments, often obstructing the implementation of secular policies and exacerbating political instability. The discussion emphasizes the challenges posed by Israel’s unique legal framework, which intertwines Jewish identity with state governance, thereby complicating the principles of democracy and religious freedom. Key legislation, such as the Law of Return and the Law of the Rabbinical Courts, grants religious authorities substantial control over personal status issues, leading to ongoing disputes over rights and representation. The paper argues for the necessity of egalitarian pluralism as a framework for dialogue, aiming to bridge the divide between secular and religious communities. Fostering mutual respect and understanding is essential for achieving social cohesion and strengthening Israel’s commitment to being both a Jewish and democratic state.