Affiliation(s)
1. Faculty of Agro-Industry, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh 12400, Cambodia
2. Graduate School, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh 12400, Cambodia
3. Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
4. The Nantes-Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering (Oniris), INRAE, BIOEPAR, F NATES 65, NATES, France
5. General Directorate of Animal Health and Production, Phnom Penh 120603 Cambodia
ABSTRACT
The study was
conducted to identify Aeromonas spp.
and Vibrio spp. from fresh Pangasius
fish (n = 153) in Cambodia and test
their antimicrobial susceptibility to antibiotics. The samples were collected
from different wet markets of Phnom Penh city and Kampong Thom, and Siem Reap
provinces. The bacteria were isolated by using selective medium and their AMR
(Antimicrobial Resistance) profile was tested by API 20E technique,
respectively. Susceptibility profile was determined for seven antibiotics
commonly used. The Vibrio spp.
(34.64%, n = 53) was found to be
higher than Aeromonas spp. (24.83%, n = 38). Four Vibrio and four Aeromonas species
were identified where V. parahaemolyticus (57%, n = 30)was the highest,
followed by V. cholerae (38%, n = 20), V. fluvialis (3.8%, n =
2) and V. aglinolyticus(1.9%, n = 1), whereas A. hydrophila(47%, n =
18) was the highest, followed by A. hydrophila/caviae (45%, n =
17), A. sobria(5%, n = 2), A. caviae(2.6%, n = 1).
All the species presented high multi-resistance to the tested
antibiotics. The antibiotic susceptibility profile to ampicillin (74%-100%), ciprofloxacin (7%-100%),
sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (14%-100%), florfenicol (14%-100%),
oxytetracycline (7%-100%), erythromycin (10%-100%)
and colistin sulphate (33%-100%) was revealed resistance level in Aeromonas spp. whereas few species of Vibrio spp. resistant to ampicillin (43%-100%), ciprofloxacin (14%-100%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (14%-100%), florfenicol (14%-100%),
oxytetracycline (20%-100%), erythromycin (29%-100%),
colistin sulphate (33%-100%) were also identified. The results
revealed these Aeromonas spp. and Vibrio spp. are potentially reservoirs
of antibiotic resistance genes.MDR (Multidrug Resistance) was widespread among
the samples isolated. That is a high-risk source of contamination since those
pathogens and antimicrobials are often used. Our findings highlight that the
aquatic environment and fresh Pangasius fish act as reservoirs of AMR Aeromonas spp. and Vibrio spp. which underline the need for a judicious use of
antimicrobials and timely surveillance of AMR in aquaculture. Overall, the
findings of our study indicated the presence of A. hydrophila, A.
hydrophila/caviae, A. caviae, A. sobria, V. parahaemolyticus, V.
cholerae, V. alginolyticus and V. fluvialisand high MDR. This result
will allow us to identify the potential risk over circulating isolates in
animal health and public health and the spread through the food chain offering
supports for appropriate sanitary actions.
KEYWORDS
Aeromonas spp., Vibrio spp., prevalence, MDR, AMR, and Cambodia’s Pangasius.
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