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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Găvan Constantin1 and Șonea Cosmin2
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DOI:10.17265/2161-6256/2024.01.002
1. Research Department, Agriculture Research and Development Station Șimnic, Craiova, Dolj 200721, Romania
2. University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Bucharest 011464, Romania
This study focuses on the effect of the total serum protein (TSP) concentrations at 3 days after birth on the health and growth parameters of preweaned female Holstein Friesian calves. A total of 165 female calves were enrolled and evaluated for morbidity which included diarrhea (D), respiratory disease (Rd) and omphalitis (O). Also, calves with more than one disorder in the same time were recorded as multi-morbid. Body weight (BW) was determined at birth, 30 and 60 days of age. Blood samples were taken at 3 days after birth and TSP was determined using a digital Brix refractometer. For statistical analysis all female calves based on TSP concentration were grouped into 3 categories: 1-TSP ≥ 6.2 g/dL, 2-TSP 5.8-6.1 g/dL, and 3-TSP < 5.8 g/dL. Overall, the average of TSP concentration was 6.38 g/dL. The prevalence of diarrhea, respiratory disease (Rd) and omphalitis (O) was 16.96%, 7.88% and 4.85% respectively, in calves with one disorder and 6.06% in calves with D + Rd, 3.64% in calves with Rd + O, 3.03% in calves with O + D, and 3.64% in calves with D + Rd + O. As the TSP concentration in calves decreased from ≥ 6.2 g/dL to < 5.8 g/dL the calf hood disorders increased in female calves with one disorder and with more than one disorder. The female calves with fair to poor immunity (category 3-TSP < 5.8 g/dL) were significantly more likely (OR 6.28, 95% CI 2.91-13.5, p value < 0.001) to be affected by diseases compared with female calves with excellent immunity (category 1-TSP ≥ 6.2 g/dL). Also BW and average daily gain (ADG) at 30 and 62 days of life decreased as TSP concentrations decreased. The female calves with TSP ≥ 6.2 g/dL at 3 days of life had the greatest BW at 30 and 62 days of age (51.8 kg and 77.1 kg respectively) compared with female calves with TSP < 5.8 g/dL at 3 days of life (46.6 and 70.6 kg respectively). Moreover, starter feed intake during the first 30 days of life, 31 to 62 days of life and 1 to 62 days of life was greater in female calves with excellent immunity (TSP ≥ 6.2 g/dL) than female calves with good immunity (TSP 5.8-6.1 g/dL) or with fair to poor immunity (< 5.8 g/dL TSP). Measuring the TSP at 3 days of calf’s life, offers information directly correlated to an individual calf’s immunity status, their likeliness of morbidity, mortality and body development and overall the effectiveness of the colostrum management program in the dairy farm.
Immunity categories, diarrheal disease, respiratory disease, omphalitis disease, multiple morbidity, calf starter feed.
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