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Article
Addressing Challenges to the Conduct of Intelligence Operations in an Age of Ambiguity
Author(s)
Andrew G. Cook
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DOI:10.17265/2578-4269/2023.01.013
Affiliation(s)
Intelligence & Security Studies, University of Leicester, UK
ABSTRACT
Since Krulak’s “Three Block War” theories on the complexity of modern battlespaces, there has been a growing recognition of the nature of “Ambiguous Warfare” or “Gray Zones” in the understanding of the contemporary spectrum of conflict. However, little consideration has been given to the implications for the Intelligence Community regarding these highly complex and uncertain environments in terms of oversight and ensuring conduct remains legal, ethical and within the bounds of necessity and proportionality. The employment of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning along with increasing reliance on local actors and collaborative approaches with allies and partners will likely further complicate the situation. In this context, this paper will provide an analysis of this landscape in order to identify areas where future activities are likely to prove controversial and problematic. It will go on to propose a framework that would ensure they remain within the normative boundaries demanded by policy makers and their electorates.
KEYWORDS
Three Block War, Gray Zone, intelligence
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