 |
[email protected] |
 |
3275638434 |
 |
 |
| Paper Publishing WeChat |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Maia Manchkhashvili
Full-Text PDF
XML 500 Views
DOI:10.17265/2159-5836/2022.08.013
Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
The Middle Ages is not characterized by recognition of women’s rights and its spreading in the world history. From the women of different parts of the world, only the nobles and the king’s children enjoyed all human rights and privileges. Georgia was no exception as well; in the 12th-16th centuries feudalism was the governing system in Georgia and the women’s rights and, in general, rights of human beings were rarely discussed. But in the 12th century in Georgia, the country located in Eastern Europe and South Caucasia, a very interesting fact occurred: unusually for Georgia, a woman became the ruler of the country. It was the first case, when a woman became King of Georgia. She was Tamar. She ruled in 1184-1213. Ruling of Queen Tamar has radically changed the direction of history of Georgia forever. Only the period of her ruling is named “Golden Age” in the history of Georgia. During the period of her ruling, completely unusual decisions were made, that were unusual even for the world of that time: (1). Death penalty was abolished! (2). An authority similar to modern Parliament was formed _ so-called Kutlu Arslan Dasi. The King took into account the decisions made by this authority. This fact was evaluated in the history of the world history as the point of reference of the history of Parliamentarism. (3). Georgia was the first country in the world, where a civil war occurred. The peasants’ demonstrations of that time are very well studied by law specialists and, considering all criteria, they were assessed as Civil War. We think that Queen Tamar was a leader and a successful female diplomat, whom the whole world should know well. Georgians refer to Tamar as a King (not a Queen). But, in this article we will refer to her as a Queen to highlight her diplomatic skills.
Georgia, King Tamar, The Middle Ages, “Golden Age”
Journal of Literature and Art Studies, August 2022, Vol. 12, No. 8, 862-867
Avalishvili, Z. (1989). The case of Trabzon from the time of the Crusaders. Tbilisi: Soviet Georgia.
Batiashvili, Z. (2012). Establishment of the Trabzon Empire. Tbilisi: Artanuji.
Berdznishvili, M. (1966). State borders of Georgia XIII c. Established, Georgia in the Rustaveli era. Tbilisi: Ivane Javakhishvili Institute of Archeology and Ethnography.
Chakhrukhadze. (1964). Tamariani. Tbilisi: Georgian National Library.
Gabashvili, M. (1998). Trabzon according to Georgian sources. TSU Proceedings, Oriental Studies Series, 372. Tbilisi: TSU.
Gabashvili, V. (1967). Georgian Trade Relations in the XII Century. TSU Works 121. Tbilisi: TSU.
Gamrekeli, G. (2006). Komnenos in Georgia, Shota Meskhia-90th Anniversary Collection Dedicated to the 90th Anniversary of Shota Meskhia’s Birth. Tbilisi: TSU.
Historian and Azmani with Sharavanded, Basil Ezosmodzgvari. (1959). Life of King Tamar, Life of Kartli, II. Tbilisi: Soviet Georgia.
Javakhishvili, I. (1983). History of the Georgian Nation (Vol. II). Tbilisi: Academy of Sciences of SSR Georgia.
Kakabadze, S. (1912). Queen Tamar and its importance in the history of Georgia. Tbilisi: TSU.
Life of Kartli (KARTLIS TSKHOVREBA). (2012). Tbilisi: TSU.
Lortkipanidze, M. (1969). Rustaveli era. Tbilisi: TSU.
Lortkipanidze, M. (1979). Foreign and domestic political situation in Georgia in the XII century. From the second quarter to the beginning of the 80s, Essays on the History of Georgia, III. Tbilisi: TSU.
Metreveli, R. (1992). Tamar, Didi Gulan Publishing House. Tbilisi: TSU.
Michael Panaretos, Chronicle of Trabzon. (1960). Greek text with Georgian translation, introductory letter, remarks and search was published by Alexander Gamkrelidze, Materials for the History of Georgia and the Caucasus. Tbilisi: National Library of Georgia.
Shengelia, N. (1979). Georgia at the turn of XII-XIII centuries / Essays on the history of Georgia, III. Tbilisi: TSU.
Silagadze, B. (1966a). Some issues of XII-XIII centuries in the light of Ibn al-Asir’s information, Georgia in the Rustaveli era. Tbilisi: Soviet Georgia.
Silagadze, B. (1966b). XII_XIII centuries, some issues of Georgian history in the light of Ibn al-Assir’s information, Georgia in the Rustaveli era. Tbilisi: Soviet Georgia.
Urushadze, L. (1991). Trabzon Komnenos Branch and the Bagrationi Royal Gate of Georgia, Tsiskari, 4. Tbilisi: Tsiskari.
Vakhushti, B. (1941). Description of the Kingdom of Georgia (Geography of Georgia) (Vol. Lomour et al.). Berdzenishvili (Ed.). Tbilisi: TSU.