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Article
Evelyn Pickering De Morgan’s Ariadne at Naxos: A Pagan Martyr
Author(s)
Liana De Girolami Cheney
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DOI:10.17265/2159-5836/2020.04.011
Affiliation(s)
Independent Scholar
ABSTRACT
This short essay focuses on just one of the mythological paintings of Evelyn Pickering De Morgan, Ariadne at Naxos of 1877 at The De Morgan Foundation (Figure 1). It consists of an iconographical and iconological analysis of the ancient legend of Ariadne and Theseus, demonstrating Evelyn’s classical erudition and artistic mastery in visualizing a moment in the narrative, the desertion of Ariadne by Theseus on the beach at Naxos.
KEYWORDS
classical mythology, Ariadne, The De Morgan Foundation, Evelyn Pickering De Morgan, Pre-Raphaelites, spiritualism, symbolism of love, labrys, seashells, cross, ball of thread, patience, pompeian frescoes, and Christian martyrs
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References
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Bills, M., & Bryant, B. (2009). G. F. Watts. New Haven. CT: Yale University Press.
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De Morgan, W., & De Morgan, E. (1909). The result of an experiment. London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Hunt & Co.
Debrohun, J. B. (1999). Ariadne and the whirlwind of fate: Figure of confusion in Catullus 64:149-57. Classical Philology, 94(4), 419-30.
Demos, R. (1937). Plato’s idea of the good. The Philosophical Review, 46(3), 245-75.
Dorra, H. (1995). Symbolist art theories: A critical anthology. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Drawmer, L. J. (2001). The impact of science and spiritualism on the works of Evelyn De Morgan, 1870-1919 (Ph.D. Dissertation, from Buckinghamshire Chilterns University College, UK).
Eisner, R. (1977). Some anomalies in the myth of Ariadne. The Classical World, 71(3), 75-77.
Eliade, M. (1991). Images and symbols: Studies in religion symbolism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Elsner, J. (2007a). Viewing Ariadne: From ekphrasis to wall painting in the roman world. Classical Philology 102(1), 20-44.
Elsner, J. (2007b). Roman eyes: Visuality and subjectivity in art and text. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Fowler, R. et al. (2013). Life and death in Pompeii and Herculaneum. London: British Museum.
Frank, M. B. (2001). Romantic painting redefined: Nazarene tradition and the narratives of Romanticism. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Gonzalez-Wippler, M. (2003). The complete book of Amulets and Talismans. St. Paul, MN: Llewellyn Publication.
Gordon, C. (1996). Evelyn de Morgan oil paintings. London: The De Morgan Foundation.
Hales, S., & Paul, J. (Eds.). (2011). Pompeii in the public imagination, from rediscovery to today. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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Ledbetter, K. (2007). Tennyson and Victorian periodicals: Commodities in context. Aldershot: Ashgate.
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Maxwell, H. (1900). A history of dumfries and galloway. London: William Blackwood and Sons.
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Pater, W. (1883). Plato and Platonism. London: Macmillan and Co.
Poë, S. (2003). Mythology and symbolism in two works of John Roddam Spencer Stanhope’s Maturity. Journal of the Pre-Raphaelite Studies, 12,35-61.
Poynter, E. J. (1880). Ten lectures on art by Edward J. Poynter. London: Chapman and Hall.
Repetto, G., & Bianco, I., & Ciccimarra, G. (2010). Mediterranean seashells. Dictionary of the scientific names. Harxheim, Germany: Conch Books.
Setti, G. M. (1991). The glorious constellations: History and mythology. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc.
Sinnett, A. P. (1883). The Occult World. London: Trubner and Co.
Smith, E. L. (1997/98). The art of Evelyn De Morgan. Woman’s Art Journal, 18 (Fall/Winter), 3-11.
Smith, E. L. (2002). Evelyn Pickering De Morgan and the Allegorical Body. London: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.
Smith, W. (1870). Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London: John Murray.
Stickler, S. E. (1987). American traditions in watercolor: The Worcester art museum collection. New York: Abbeville Press.
Stirling, A. M. W. (1922). William de Morgan and his wife. New York: Henry Holt & Company.
The De Morgan Foundation. https://www.demorgan.org.uk/collection/ariadne-in-naxos
Tresidder, W. (1981). The Cheetahs in Titian’s Bacchus and Ariadne. The Burlington Magazine 123(941), 481-85.
Varallo, F. (2004). Bosch. Milan: Skira.
Wallace, A. R. (1881). On miracles and modern spiritualism, three essays. London: Trubner and Co.
Wilde, W. (1993). The picture of Dorian Gray. New York: Dover Publication.
Wittkower, R. (1987). Patience and Chance: the Story of a Political Emblem. In R. Wittkower (Ed.), Allegory and the migration of symbols (pp. 107-112). London: Thames and Hudson.
Bills, M., & Bryant, B. (2009). G. F. Watts. New Haven. CT: Yale University Press.
Burne-Jones, G. (1904). Memorials of Edward Burne-Jones (Vols 2). London: Macmillan & Co.
Campbell, S. J. (2004). The cabinet of eros: Renaissance mythological paintings and the studiolo of Isabella d’Este. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Cheney, L. D. (2001/2002). Giorgio Vasari’s patience: Astronomical symbol of time. In R. E. White (Ed.), The inspiration of astronomical phenomena. Memorie: Journal of the Italian Astronomical Society, 112–21.
Chevalier, J., & Gheerbrant, A. (1994). A dictionary of symbols. London: Blackwell.
Cooper, J. C. (1978). An illustrated encyclopaedia of traditional symbols. London: Thames and Hudson.
Cruise, C. (2011). Pre-raphaelite drawing. London: Thames and Hudson.
De Morgan, S. (1863). From matter to spirit. Ten years’ experience in spirit manifestation. London: Longman, Green and Co.
De Morgan, W., & De Morgan, E. (1909). The result of an experiment. London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Hunt & Co.
Debrohun, J. B. (1999). Ariadne and the whirlwind of fate: Figure of confusion in Catullus 64:149-57. Classical Philology, 94(4), 419-30.
Demos, R. (1937). Plato’s idea of the good. The Philosophical Review, 46(3), 245-75.
Dorra, H. (1995). Symbolist art theories: A critical anthology. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Drawmer, L. J. (2001). The impact of science and spiritualism on the works of Evelyn De Morgan, 1870-1919 (Ph.D. Dissertation, from Buckinghamshire Chilterns University College, UK).
Eisner, R. (1977). Some anomalies in the myth of Ariadne. The Classical World, 71(3), 75-77.
Eliade, M. (1991). Images and symbols: Studies in religion symbolism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Elsner, J. (2007a). Viewing Ariadne: From ekphrasis to wall painting in the roman world. Classical Philology 102(1), 20-44.
Elsner, J. (2007b). Roman eyes: Visuality and subjectivity in art and text. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Fowler, R. et al. (2013). Life and death in Pompeii and Herculaneum. London: British Museum.
Frank, M. B. (2001). Romantic painting redefined: Nazarene tradition and the narratives of Romanticism. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Gonzalez-Wippler, M. (2003). The complete book of Amulets and Talismans. St. Paul, MN: Llewellyn Publication.
Gordon, C. (1996). Evelyn de Morgan oil paintings. London: The De Morgan Foundation.
Hales, S., & Paul, J. (Eds.). (2011). Pompeii in the public imagination, from rediscovery to today. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hope, C. (1917a). The Camerini d’Alabastro of Alfonzo d’Este I. The Burlington Magazine, 113(824), 641-50.
Hope, C. (1971b). The Camerini d’Alabastro of Alfonzo d’Este II. The Burlington Magazine, 113(825), 712-21.
Jones, S. et al. (1996). Frederic Leighton: Eminent Victorian Artist. New York: Harry N. Abrams/London: Royal Academy of Art.
Kestner, J. (1989). Mythology and misogyny in the nineteenth century: The social discourse of subject painting. London/New York: University of Wisconsin Press.
Ledbetter, K. (2007). Tennyson and Victorian periodicals: Commodities in context. Aldershot: Ashgate.
MacMillan, N. (1979). Victorian Romantic. Vancouver: MacMillan & Perrin.
Maxwell, H. (1900). A history of dumfries and galloway. London: William Blackwood and Sons.
McNally, S. (1985). Ariadne and others: Images of sleep in Greek and early Roman art. Classical Antiquity, 4(2), 152-92.
Moormann, E. (2018). The appreciation of Pompeii’s architectural remains in the late 18th and early 19th century. Architectural Histories, 6(1), 24-30.
Munich, A. A. (1989). Andromeda’s Chains. Gender and interpretation in Victorian literature. New York: Columbia University Press.
Oberhausen, J. (1994). Evelyn Pickering De Morgan and spiritualism: an interpretive link. Journal of the Pre-Raphaelite Studies, 3, 1-19.
Orr, L. F., & Calloway, S. (Eds.). (2012). The cult of beauty: The victorian Avant-Garde 1860-1900. London: Victoria and Albert Museum.
Page, V. (1937). Lee’s letters. London: Privately printed.
Parslow, C. C. (1995). Rediscovering antiquity: Karl Weber and the excavation of Herculaneum, Pompeii, and Stabiae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pater, W. (1883). Plato and Platonism. London: Macmillan and Co.
Poë, S. (2003). Mythology and symbolism in two works of John Roddam Spencer Stanhope’s Maturity. Journal of the Pre-Raphaelite Studies, 12,35-61.
Poynter, E. J. (1880). Ten lectures on art by Edward J. Poynter. London: Chapman and Hall.
Repetto, G., & Bianco, I., & Ciccimarra, G. (2010). Mediterranean seashells. Dictionary of the scientific names. Harxheim, Germany: Conch Books.
Setti, G. M. (1991). The glorious constellations: History and mythology. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc.
Sinnett, A. P. (1883). The Occult World. London: Trubner and Co.
Smith, E. L. (1997/98). The art of Evelyn De Morgan. Woman’s Art Journal, 18 (Fall/Winter), 3-11.
Smith, E. L. (2002). Evelyn Pickering De Morgan and the Allegorical Body. London: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.
Smith, W. (1870). Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London: John Murray.
Stickler, S. E. (1987). American traditions in watercolor: The Worcester art museum collection. New York: Abbeville Press.
Stirling, A. M. W. (1922). William de Morgan and his wife. New York: Henry Holt & Company.
The De Morgan Foundation. https://www.demorgan.org.uk/collection/ariadne-in-naxos
Tresidder, W. (1981). The Cheetahs in Titian’s Bacchus and Ariadne. The Burlington Magazine 123(941), 481-85.
Varallo, F. (2004). Bosch. Milan: Skira.
Wallace, A. R. (1881). On miracles and modern spiritualism, three essays. London: Trubner and Co.
Wilde, W. (1993). The picture of Dorian Gray. New York: Dover Publication.
Wittkower, R. (1987). Patience and Chance: the Story of a Political Emblem. In R. Wittkower (Ed.), Allegory and the migration of symbols (pp. 107-112). London: Thames and Hudson.