Jus ad Pacem: Ending the Beginning of War in Africa

Africa remains a hotspot for armed conflicts, significantly impacting human rights, economic stability, and political governance across the continent. Although interstate conflicts have declined, intrastate violence continues to challenge efforts toward peace, security, and development. This article explores the legal and practical frameworks for addressing the persistent challenges of armed conflict in Africa, focusing on the principle of jus ad pacem—the right to peace. By analysing the interplay of jus ad bellum (laws governing the use of force) and jus in bello (laws governing conduct in war), the article emphasises the need for a holistic approach to conflict resolution that prioritises civilian protection, strengthens regional legal mechanisms, and promotes inclusive governance. It argues for greater adherence to International Humanitarian Law (IHL), the integration of peace education, and regional collaboration to address the root causes of conflict. The conclusion underscores the imperative of transitioning from reactive to preventive measures, advocating for strategies aligned with the African Union’s Agenda 2063 to transform conflicts into opportunities for sustainable peace and prosperity.