Microbial Assessment and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Bacterial Fish Isolates in an Aquaculture Production Site in Mefou Afamba Division of Cameroon
Author(s)
Judith Julie Takadong Tsafack1, Dimitri Alex Kamgain Tchuenchieu1, Hippolyte Tene Mouafo1, Manuela Annick Bengue Baomog1,2, Jorelle Jeanne Bimem Adjele1,2, Evrard Koupestchop Medjo1, Imelda Lucresse Nouteza Djuikoo1,2, Bridget Tata Ndakoh1,2, Chelea Matchawe1,3, James Sasanya4 and Gabriel Nama Medoua1
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DOI:10.17265/2162-5263/2021.01.003
Affiliation(s)
1. Centre for Food and Nutrition Research, IMPM (Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies), Yaounde 6163, Cameroon
2. Department of Microbiology, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde 337, Cameroon
3. Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea 99999, Cameroon
4. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, Vienna 1400, Austria
ABSTRACT
The practice of integrated fish farming and the use of local fish meal
and manure for fish feeding in Cameroon constitute potential sources of
resistant pathogenic bacteria in the fish pond environment. Therefore, a
periodical and constant monitoring of the microbiological quality of fish pond
is imperative. This study was to assess the microbial contamination of Mfou
aquaculture production site and evaluate the antibiotic resistance profile of
bacterial fish isolates. Samples of pond water (n = 36), sediment (n = 36), fishmeal (n = 12) and African catfish (Clarias
gariepinus), kanga (Heterotis
niloticus) and Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis
niloticus) (n = 36, each) were
collected to determine TVAC (Total Viable Aerobic Bacterial Count), FC (Fungal Count), SAC (Staphylococcus
aureus count), TCC (Total Coliform Count) and FCC (Feacal Coliform Count). The fish skin isolates of S. aureus, Enterobacter sakazakii, Citrobacter freundii, Serratia fonticola, Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus spp., Aeromonas hydrophila, Kluyvera spp., Moraxella spp., Pasteurella multocida and Pseudomonas fluorescens were tested
against penicillin G (10 μg), chloramphenicol (30 μg), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (25 μg), erythromycin (15 μg), tetracycline (30 μg), using the disk diffusion method. Results reveal
a heavy contamination
of fish farms with microbial load above the recommended limits. Our study
indicates that fish ponds are sources of zoonotic pathogens underlining their
epidemiological and clinical relevance. All bacterial isolates were
multiresistant with a multiple antibiotic
resistance index above 0.2. These data raise
concern about the microbial contamination of aquaculture and associated public
health risks in Cameroon.
KEYWORDS
Microbial contamination, antibiotic susceptibility profile, aquaculture, pond fish, zoonotic pathogens, Cameroon.
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