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Article
Author(s)
Isaac Mestres Lóbez
Full-Text PDF XML 1450 Views
DOI:10.17265/2161-6256/2020.03.002
Affiliation(s)
The Solvay Brussels School, Free University of Brussels, Ixelles 1050, Belgium
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to draw a
retrospective analysis on the lethality of Imidacloprid (Gaucho®) and Fipronil (Régent TS®) on Apis mellifera between 1992 and
2016 in France. Early monitoring reports in the 1992-2002 period notified these
two embedded insecticides to be at the origin of massive colony collapse
disorders. Ecotoxicological analyses based on the LD50 of Imidacloprid
and Fipronil highlighted their differential lethality by both contact (Imidacloprid:
81 ng/honeybee vs. Fipronil: 5.9 ng/honeybee) and
ingestion (Imidacloprid: 3.7 ng/honeybee vs. Fipronil: 4.2 ng/honeybee), but
failed to point Imidacloprid’s high solubility as a higher lethal agent.
Chemical properties and action mode of these two insecticides originated neural
disfunction in the case of Imidacloprid, and honeybee brood immune depression
for Fipronil. Despite the conduction of these monitoring reports and laboratory
researches, Fipronil was completely banned in 2005 but Imidacloprid only in
2016.
KEYWORDS
Apis mellifera, Imidacloprid, Fipronil, monitoring, colony collapse disorder, LD50.
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