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Article
Author(s)
LI Lin-ze, YANG Ting
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DOI:10.17265/2159-5836/2020.09.013
Affiliation(s)
College of International Studies, Southwest University, Chongqing, China Chongqing College of Humanities, Science & Technology, Chongqing, China
ABSTRACT
Cognitive grammar does not differentiate nominalizations belonging to the syntax or in the lexicon. From the perspective of cognitive construal, nominalizations of verbs and adjectives involvethe alternate profiling of certain aspects of relationships while the nominalizations of structures and sentences are motivated by the conceptual packaging of events as entities on a larger scale. A new notion, ontologicalization, is introduced into the study as the cognitive mechanism underlying nominalizations on all levels. It is shown that nominalizations are not only pervasive but also theoretically significant in Mandarin, ranging from lexis to sentences. Nominalizations may take two different forms: affix-derivation and zero-derivation. de (的) is an important nominalizer in Mandarin in that it functions as a suffix as well as an infix with words, structures and sentences.
KEYWORDS
nominalization, construal, ontologicalization, Mandarin, de (的)
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References
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Shi, Z. H. (1960). A study on thenominalization of Chinese verbs and adjectives. Studies of the Chinese Language, 12, 44-56.
Si, F. Z. (2002). Marker “de (的)” and relative syntactic issues in Chinese. Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies, 2, 35-40.
Si, F. Z. (2004). Endocentric construction theory and DeP in Mandarin. Contemporary Linguistics, 1, 26-34.
Si, F. Z. (2004). Head theory and DeP in Chinese. Contemporary Linguistics, 1, 26-34.
Wang, D. M. (2002). The Nature of Verb in “N的V” Structure. Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies, 4, 55-64.
Wang, D. M. (2018). On Chinese word classes. Shanghai: Xuelin Press.
Wang, D. M. (2004). An interpretation of verbal nominalization. Chinese Language Learning, 4, 5-11.
Wu, C. A. (2006). Zhe ben shu de chuban: A challenge to Bloomfield’s theory of endocentric construction. Contemporary Linguistics, 3, 193-204.
Wu, C. A. (2006). Zhe ben shu de chuban: A challenge to Bloomfield’s theory of endocentric construction. Contemporary Linguistics, 3, 193-204.
Xiang, M. B. (1991). On the part of speech of “chuban” in “zhebenshu de chuban”. Journal of Tianjin Normal University, 4, 75-80.
Xu, T. Q. (1994). “Word” and the methodology of the study of Chinese. Chinese Teaching in the World, 3, 1-14.
Zhang, B. J. (1993). Components of the “N的V” structure. Studies of the Chinese Language, 4, 252-259.
Zhou, R. (2012). “N de V” construction is “N de N” construction. Studies of the Chinese Language, 5, 447-457.
Zhu, D. X. (1961). Lectures on Grammar. Beijing: The Commercial Press.
Zhu, D. X. (1984). On endocentric structure. Studies of the Chinese Language, 6, 401-403.
Zhu, D. X. (1984). On the definition of endocentric structure. Studies of the Chinese Language, 6, 401-403.
Zhu, D. X. (1985). WV and NV in written Chinese. Journal of Peking University, 5, 1-6.
Zhu, D. X., Lu, J. W., & Ma, Z. (1961). On the nominalization of verbs and adjectives. Journal of Peking University, 4, 53-66.
Zipf, G. K. (1949). Human behavior and the principle of least effort. New York: Addison-Wesley.
Anderson, J. M. (1977). On case grammar. Prolegomena to a theory of grammatical relations. London: Croom Helm.
Bloomfield, L. (1933). Language. London: Allen & Unwin.
Bloomfield, L. (1983). An introduction to the study of language. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Chen, C. Z. (1922/ 1982). Creation of Chinese grammar. Beijing: The Commercial Press.
Cheng, G. (1999a). Language universals. Shanghai: Shanghai Educational Publishing House.
Cheng, G. (1999b). A new exploration on nominalization and endocentric construction. Modern Foreign Languages, 2, 128-144.
Cheng, G. (1999c). Nominalization, endocentric construction, and hypothesis of article phrases. In J. M. Lu (Ed.), Modern Chinese grammar studies meeting challenge of the new century (pp. 165-179). Shandong: Shandong Education Publishing House.
Chomsky, N. (1970). Remarks on nominalization. In Jacobs, R. A. and P. S. Rosenbaum. (Eds.), Readings in English transformational grammar (pp. 184-221). London: Ginn.
Chomsky, N. (1970). Remarks on nominalization. In Jacobs, R. A. and Rosenbaum P. S. (Eds.), Readings in English transformational grammar (pp. 184-221). Waltham, Massachusetts, Toronto, London: Ginn and Company.
Chomsky, N. (1995). The minimalist program. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
Gao, M. K. (1960). Speech on the science meeting of Peking University 1959. In Chinese language research center of Peking University (Eds.), Linguistics Series 4 (pp. 253-271). Shanghai: Shanghai Educational Publishing House.
Gazdar, G., & Pullum, G . (1981). Subcategorization, constituent order and the notion “head”. In Moortgat, M., H. v. d. Hulst, & T. Hockstra. (Eds.), The scope of lexical rules (pp. 107-123). Dordrecht: Foris.
Gazdar, G., Klein, E., Pullum, G., & Sag, I. (1985). Generalized phrase structure grammar. Oxford: Blackwell.
Guo, R. (2000). The conversion of the expressional functions and an analysis of the particle de in Mandarin Chinese. Contemporary Linguistics, 1, 37-52.
Guo, R. (2010). A study on Chinese word classes. Beijing: The Commercial Press.
Hu, Y. S., & Fan, X. (1994). Nominalization of verbs and adjectives. Studies of the Chinese Language, 2, 81-85.
Jin, Z. Z. (1922/1983). A study of Chinese grammar. Beijing: The Commercial Press.
Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (2003). Metaphors we live by. London: The university of Chicago press.
Langacker, R. W. (2004). Foundations of cognitive grammar. Beijing: Peking University Press.
Li, C. N., & Thompson, S. A. (1989). Mandarin Chinese: A functional reference grammar. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Li, J. X. (1924/1955). The new Chinese grammar. Beijing: The Commercial Press.
Li, J. X., & Liu, S. R. (1960). Re-analysis of grammar—Word classification and the issue of nouns. Studies of the Chinese Language, 1, 1-18.
Liu, D. Q. (1994). A study on complementary words. Chinese Language Learning, 3, 23-27.
Lu, J. M. (2003). A new approach to analysis on the Chinese “NP de (的) VP” construction. Studies of the Chinese Language, 5, 387-391
Lu, J. M. (2003). Reanalysis of the “NP de (的) VP” structure. Studies of the Chinese Language, 5, 387-391.
Lu, J. M. (2013). A discussion on “hierarchical inclusion of Chinese nouns, verbs and adjectives” and other things. Journal of Sino-Tibetan Linguistics, 7, 137-146.
Lu, Z. W. (1957). Chinese word-formation. Beijing: Science Press.
Lv, S. X., & Zhu, D. X. (1952). Lectures on grammar and rhetoric. Beijing: China Youth Press.
Ma, J. Z. (1898/1983). Ma’s Grammar (Mashi Wentong). Beijing: The Commercial Press.
Martinet, A. (1960). éléments de linguistiquegénérale. Paris: Armand Colin.
Matthews, P. H. (1981). Syntax. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Robert, S. (2003). Introduction: de la grammaticalization à la transcatégorialit. In Robert (Eds.), Perspectives synchroniques sur la grammaticalization, Afriqueetlangage 5 (pp. 9-18). Louvain-Paris: Peeters.
Shen, J. X. (2007). On nouns and verbs in Chinese. Journal of Sino-Tibetan Linguistics, 1, 27-47.
Shen, J. X. (2009). On word classes in Chinese. Linguistic Sciences, 1, 1-12.
Shen, J. X. (2010). On nouns and verbs in Chinese again. In Chinese language research center of Peking University (Eds.), Linguistics Series 40 (pp. 3-22). Beijing: The Commercial Press.
Shen, J. X. (2011). Six lectures on grammar. Beijing: The Commercial Press.
Shi, D. X. (2004). Nominalization and the “de (的)” Structure. In Huang, Z. D. (ed.), Linguistics Series 3 (pp. 78-92). Beijing: Beijing Language and Culture University Press.
Shi, G. G. (1988). The endocentric structures and exocentric structures in Chinese. Studies of the Chinese Language, 4, 265-273.
Shi, G.G. (1981). The part of speech of “chuban” in “zhe ben shu de chuban”—Starting from the endocentric structure theory. Current Research in Chinese Linguistics, 4, 8-12.
Shi, Z. H. (1960). A study on thenominalization of Chinese verbs and adjectives. Studies of the Chinese Language, 12, 44-56.
Si, F. Z. (2002). Marker “de (的)” and relative syntactic issues in Chinese. Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies, 2, 35-40.
Si, F. Z. (2004). Endocentric construction theory and DeP in Mandarin. Contemporary Linguistics, 1, 26-34.
Si, F. Z. (2004). Head theory and DeP in Chinese. Contemporary Linguistics, 1, 26-34.
Wang, D. M. (2002). The Nature of Verb in “N的V” Structure. Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies, 4, 55-64.
Wang, D. M. (2018). On Chinese word classes. Shanghai: Xuelin Press.
Wang, D. M. (2004). An interpretation of verbal nominalization. Chinese Language Learning, 4, 5-11.
Wu, C. A. (2006). Zhe ben shu de chuban: A challenge to Bloomfield’s theory of endocentric construction. Contemporary Linguistics, 3, 193-204.
Wu, C. A. (2006). Zhe ben shu de chuban: A challenge to Bloomfield’s theory of endocentric construction. Contemporary Linguistics, 3, 193-204.
Xiang, M. B. (1991). On the part of speech of “chuban” in “zhebenshu de chuban”. Journal of Tianjin Normal University, 4, 75-80.
Xu, T. Q. (1994). “Word” and the methodology of the study of Chinese. Chinese Teaching in the World, 3, 1-14.
Zhang, B. J. (1993). Components of the “N的V” structure. Studies of the Chinese Language, 4, 252-259.
Zhou, R. (2012). “N de V” construction is “N de N” construction. Studies of the Chinese Language, 5, 447-457.
Zhu, D. X. (1961). Lectures on Grammar. Beijing: The Commercial Press.
Zhu, D. X. (1984). On endocentric structure. Studies of the Chinese Language, 6, 401-403.
Zhu, D. X. (1984). On the definition of endocentric structure. Studies of the Chinese Language, 6, 401-403.
Zhu, D. X. (1985). WV and NV in written Chinese. Journal of Peking University, 5, 1-6.
Zhu, D. X., Lu, J. W., & Ma, Z. (1961). On the nominalization of verbs and adjectives. Journal of Peking University, 4, 53-66.
Zipf, G. K. (1949). Human behavior and the principle of least effort. New York: Addison-Wesley.