Affiliation(s)
1. Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
2. Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University Borujerd Branch, Borujerd, Iran
3. Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Borujerd, Borujerd, Iran
4. Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
ABSTRACT
Background: Low levels of ambiguity tolerance and distress tolerance
observed in people with hemophilia lead to decreasing their function and
quality of life. How positive thinking training program affects tolerance of
ambiguity and distress is not completely understood. Accordingly, the purpose
of this study was to explain the role of positive thinking training in men with
hemophilia of Lorestan province and examine its effectiveness on ambiguity
tolerance and distress tolerance. Method: The statistical population of this
study included 129 patients with hemophilia who were a member of Hemophilia
Association of Lorestan province. Thirty (30) patients who were
randomly selected were randomly assigned to the experimental group (N = 15) and the control
group (N = 15). The design of
present study was an experimental design with the pre- and post-test that the
experimental group received a positive thinking training. Eight techniques that
were adapted from Seligman’s techniques were used to teach positive thinking.
These techniques were held in 8-two hours sessions (two sessions per week). The
instrument of this study included Simons and Gaher’s distress tolerance scale
and McLean and David’s ambiguity tolerance questionnaire. The collected data
were analyzed by the analysis of covariance. Results: The results of this study
showed that there was a significant difference between scores of post-test and
follow-up of two variables in two groups. Conclusion: The amount of ambiguity
tolerance and distress tolerance increased in the experimental group in
comparison with control group.
KEYWORDS
Positive thinking, ambiguity tolerance, distress tolerance, hemophilia.
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