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Article
Author(s)
A. P. Onyena1 and J. U. Udensi2
Full-Text PDF XML 732 Views
DOI:10.17265/2159-5828/2019.04.002
Affiliation(s)
1. Department of Marine Environment and Pollution Control, Faculty of Marine Environmental Management, Nigeria Maritime University, Okerenkoko, Delta State 332102, Nigeria
2. Department of Environmental Health Science, Federal University of Technology Owerri
ABSTRACT
People tend to rely upon fish as a source of cheap animal protein and a
vital resource to sustain life. Oreochromis
niloticus (tilapia fish) and Clarias gariepinus (cat fish) were collected from two rivers (Nworie
and Otamiri rivers) and two fish ponds (FUTO and Philip’s fish ponds in Owerri
municipal). The heavy metals
analyzed were mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and chromium (Cr) using FS
240 Varianatomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) SpectrAA.
Catfish accumulated high level of Hg concentrations (> 1.40 ppm) in the sample
sites, Cd concentration
was also high in cat fish (8.33 ppm) sampled from Nworie river while the other
sample sites recorded < 1 ppm. Also, Fe
recorded concentrations above 4 ppm with highest
concentration of 30.8 ppm; however, tilapia
fish accumulated more Fe concentrations than the cat fish. Heavy metals values in the fishes were above the maximum
permissible limits of established standards for fish consumption. Data
collected were subjected to t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA), and
there was no statistical difference (p > 0.05) between the heavy
metals contents of fishes from the
rivers and fish ponds studied. The total heavy metals concentrations
studied accumulated from the different sample sites were in this order: tilapia fish: Nworie river (5.96 ± 4.36) > Otamiri river (4.87 ± 3.32) > Philip’s pond (4.87 ± 3.19) > FUTO pond (1.62 ± 1.40) while in cat fish: Nworie river (4.02 ± 1.66) > Philip’s pond (3.60 ± 2.10) > Otamiri river (2.43 ± 1.54) > FUTO pond (2.27 ± 1.38). There is need for
periodic monitoring and assessment of heavy metals in water bodies and various
aquatic lives that serve as a source of food to human.
KEYWORDS
Heavy metals, aquaculture system, rivers, spectrophotometer, bioaccumulation, fish, pollution.
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