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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Effects of Chemical Treatment on Structural Properties of Jatropha curcas Seedcake
Roberto Ananias Ribeiro and Sérgio Avelino Mota Nobre
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DOI:10.17265/1934-7375/2018.03.004
Biodiesel is a biofuel obtained through a transesterification reaction using vegetable oils and animal fats. After oil extraction, the seedcake is a by-product, which can be used as a biofertilizer. This work evaluated the modifications in chemical structures that occurred in Jatropha cake after its submission to different treatments with distilled water and vapor of 10% v/v aqueous solution of acetic acid. Seedcakes were characterized by chemical analysis of acidity, water solubility, conductivity and infrared spectroscopy. The following values were observed in untreated cake (% w/w): moisture 6.1 ± 0.2, ash 5.2 ± 0.3, crude protein 26.5 ± 0.9, potassium 1.7 ± 0.1, crude fiber 34.9 ± 5.8, phosphorous 4.7 ± 0.4 and crude fat 13.8 ± 0.5. Ash, crude fiber and phosphorous content had no significant modifications, whereas crude protein decreased after acid treatment. Moisture and potassium content decreased after both water and acetic acid solution treatments. The acidity of the soluble fraction presented values around 5.8. Conductivities (S•cm-1) of the soluble fraction for cakes in natura, treated with water and treated with acetic acid were, respectively, 430.8 ± 13.6, 362.9 ± 8.1 and 599.3 ± 26.8 and solubilities (g 100 g-1 H2O) were 0.309 ± 0.008, 0.241 ± 0.008 and 0.373 ± 0.012, respectively. These results showed that structures like hemicellulose and lignin were probably modified through acid hydrolysis, producing ionic groups and leading to higher conductivity and solubility. Similar infrared spectra were obtained for three cake samples. In general, Jatropha cake underwent slight modification concerning composition after acetic acid treatment.
Jatropha seedcake, chemical treatment, structural properties, fertilizer
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