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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Article
Breast Milk Substitutes: Changing Ideas
Author(s)
Claude Billeaud
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DOI:10.17265/2159-5828/2018.06.001
Affiliation(s)
CIC Pediatric 1401 CHU Pellegrin, 33000 Bordeaux, NewAquitaine, France
ABSTRACT
Breast milk is the model for
infant feeding. In the absence of breast milk, substitutes have been created whose
composition attempts to copy that of breast milk. However, it is impossible to make
from cow’s milk the copy of human
milk given that it is composed of a thousand substances which have for some the
function of nutrients and for others (the most numerous) properties bioactive. In addition, there is
no fixed milk for the same mother but mothers whose composition varies over time:
colostrum (first 5 days, transition milk (5 to 30 days), mature milk after one month,
but also during the day: milk is not the same in the morning, at noon and in the
evening, and even worse: at the beginning and at the end of the summer. The mother’s diet: although milk
proteins and carbohydrates are only slightly influenced, there is a strong correlation
between dietary lipids and breast milk, as well as minerals, vitamins and trace
elements. On the other hand, the composition of breast milk that gave birth to a
premature child is higher in protein than that of the milk of a mother of a newborn
baby. Despite all these constraints,
doctors and industrialists of the agro-alimentary do not cease to make progress
to create formulas of milk more and more close to the nutritive values of the human
milk.... But it is an endless challenge; In fact when a complex protein or oligosaccharides
and polyunsaturated fatty acids are discovered in the mother’s milk, it is necessary
to evaluate by means of studies that are often long to discover their exact role
and to demonstrate the correct dosage to be added in the formulas.
KEYWORDS
Formulas, lipids, fat, carbohydrates, prebiotics, probiotics, HMO, hydrolysates.
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