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Article
Affiliation(s)

1. Environmental Department, GHD Services Inc., Fort Myers 33901, USA
2. Lewis Solutions, Fort Myers 33907, USA

ABSTRACT

The variable-density flow model¾SEAWAT Version 4, was used to evaluate the hydrogeological conditions associated with hydraulic fracturing (fracking) the limestone oil reservoir in the Lower Cretaceous Sunniland Formation of Southwest Florida. This research contributes to the understanding of the controls on fluid and potential contaminant migration, following high pressure hydraulic fracturing. A hydraulic fracturing treatment used recently in this formation at the Collier-Hogan 20-3H well represents the base case simulation. Multiple stage fracturing using typical stress periods, a modelled fracture zone radius, and various injection rates were tested to evaluate the potential for horizontal and vertical fluid migration in and from the reservoir under dynamic conditions, with TDS used as a tracer. Hypothetical scenarios including preferential vertical pathways between the Sunniland Formation and the Lower Floridan aquifer Boulder Zone were also simulated. Results indicate that injected fluids do not migrate significantly in the lateral and vertical directions beyond the design fractured zone, unless a preferential pathway exists within close proximity to the fractured zone. In a worst-case scenario under the simulated conditions, vertical heads are approximately 580 meters greater than static conditions and fluids associated with hydraulic fracturing vertically migrate approximately 500 meters; therefore, the quality of the deepest sources of drinking water is not compromised. Analytical results from a monitoring well installed in the immediate vicinity of the Collier-Hogan 20-3H well and at the base of the deepest source of drinking water support the conclusion that impacts from hydraulic fracturing fluids have not migrated into the deepest sources of drinking water.

KEYWORDS

Hydraulic fracturing, Sunniland Formation, fluid migration.

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