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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Article
Author(s)
Komakech Kevin2, Kateregga John1, Namaganda Carolyn2, Semugenze Derrick2 and Aloysius Lubega3
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DOI:10.17265/2328-7136/2018.04.008
Affiliation(s)
1. Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
2. Department of Microbiology, Mycobacteriology (BSL-3 ) Laboratory, College of Health Science, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
3. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
ABSTRACT
Background: TB (Tuberculosis)
is the second leading killer infectious disease after HIV (human immunodeficiency
virus). Its incidence is worsened by development
of multi-drug resistant and extensive drug resistant TB strains. Available treatment
regimens are expensive, toxic and lengthy resulting to problems of non-adherence
and inadequate response. Medicinal plants on the other hand may offer hope for developing
alternative medicine for treatment of TB. This study evaluated the anti-tuberculosis
activity of Echinops amplexicaulis. Materials and methods: Total crude extracts of E. amplexicaulis were tested for activity
against a wild strain resistant to Rifampicin and Isoniazid (MDR), a fully susceptible laboratory strain (H37Rv)
and Mycobacterium bovis (BCG strain) using
disk diffusion method. MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) was determined using
Middlebrook 7H9 broth. The strains were sub-cultured on Middlebrook 7H10 medium
and MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) determined. Susceptibility was evaluated
by measuring zones of inhibition; MIC was obtained as the lowest concentration with
no significant growth as shown by clog formation of MTB (Mycobacteria tuberculosis) cells on the walls of the macro broth tube
and MBC was obtained as the lowest concentration that inhibited growth of MTB colonies
on Middlebrook 7H10 medium. Results: The extract showed
a significant effect at a concentration of 50 mg/mL against all the three test strains F (2, 18) = 437.7, p = 0.00. It exhibited a MIC of 0.0488 mg/mL against MDR-TB
and M. bovis. Its MBC was the same at
0.0977 mg/mL against both MDR TB and M. bovis.
The MIC was much lower (0.0122 mg/mL) for the H37Rv strain. Terpenoids, alkaloids
and tannins were present in large amount in the extract while saponins were present
in small amounts. Flavonoids were not detected in the extract. Conclusion: E. amplexicaulis has the potential to be developed into new anti-TB drug and outcome of
the study supports the folkloric claims of anti-tuberculosis activity of the plant.
KEYWORDS
Echinops amplexicaulis, anti-tuberculosis activity, multi-drug resistant tuberculosis.
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