Banking and Financial Intermediaries: Overlapping Evolving Monetary Functions and Investment Fallouts

Since the New World Monetary Order, as designed and promoted at Bretton Woods, several policies were considered. As proposed by Hansen, Harrod, and post Keynesian, after the 60 years and after the Bretton Woods final collapse, a new monetary framework has been overlapping gradually most of the world financial transactions. Separately from the single global financial markets, without previous patterns and insight experiences, the new global landscape is posing new deep challenges in the present monetary stalemate. The removal of the gold benchmark on the first day of WWI (First World War)―The serious Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act 1999 repudiated the Glass-Steagall Act. The removal caused the colossal crisis as the time deposits and unlimited monetary base expansions produced effects never seen in modern history―A colossal surge of the financial instrument market indexes and financial bubble blowing erupted.

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