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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Article
Impulsivity Subtypes and Maladaptive Road Performance among Drivers in Germany and Switzerland
Author(s)
Thomas Wagner1, Martin Keller2 and Lutz Jaencke2
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DOI:10.17265/2328-2142/2018.02.003
Affiliation(s)
1. DEKRA Automobil GmbH, Köhlerstraße 18, Dresden 01239, Germany
2. University Zurich, Psychological Institute, Division Neuropsychology, Binzmühlestr. 14/25, Zurich CH-8050, Switzerland
ABSTRACT
Excessive speed and speeding substantially compromise road safety in
Germany and Switzerland. Approximately one third of all fatal accidents are
caused by maladjusted speed. Recent studies attribute a special importance to
the impulsivity construct in the context of maladaptive road behavior. Thus,
the effects of impulsivity on risky driving behaviors (speeding violations)
were examined in a Swiss-German sample of N = 361 car drivers (both
on speed affine drivers and putative ordinary drivers). The participants filled
in a questionnaire battery consisting of an impulsiveness scale as well as
traffic-related attitudes and cognitive appraisal tendencies on the one hand
and indicators for maladaptive behaviors at and beyond traffic domain on the
other hand. The directions of the
observed correlations between the scales were as expected, with impulsivity
correlating negatively with age (young drivers scored higher) but not at all
with gender or driving experience. To find out more about the functionality of
impulsivity, specific personality profiles were carried out via cluster analysis. Three different control types were
empirically found (impulsivity subtype, reduced compliance subtype, vulnerability
subtype), while high impulsive drivers scored high in impulsivity, low on
compliance, high on affective responsiveness and described themselves as
affordance-prone. The impulsive type additionally shows more speeding offences
stored in the driving license file, overrides speed limits for more than 15
km/h more frequently and even shows deviancy beyond traffic domain. The results
are discussed in the light of the impulse control system and conclusions are
drawn regarding assessment of driving aptitude and interventions. The
theoretical framework including a hierarchical structured model of deviance was confirmed empirically.
KEYWORDS
Impulsivity, delinquency, speeding, offences, hierarchical deviancy model.
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