Contact us
 |
[email protected] |
 |
3275638434 |
 |
 |
| Paper Publishing WeChat |
Useful Links
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Article
Author(s)
Moula Evangelia, Christodoulidou Louiza
Full-Text PDF
XML 1138 Views
DOI:10.17265/2159-5836/2018.02.001
Affiliation(s)
Secondary Education, Rhodes, Greece University of the Aegean, Rhodes, Greece
ABSTRACT
The long-term biased critical reception of comics did not allow the medium’s theoretical remodeling, the highlighting of its multidimensionality and complexity, and its establishment as a self-sufficient and serious narrative medium. The creators of graphic novels in an attempt to upgrade and restore their “ancestors’” cultural status and to eliminate the negative stigma of the medium, by taking advantage of the self-referencing techniques, they try to redefine comics and reframe the field of their social practice. Graphic novels, even more, either allusively or straightforwardly, aquire metatextual quality, by exercising critique on the artistic phenomenon in general and on comics’ history and theory in particular. Self-referentiality and metatextuality function as ‘internal legitimization apparatuses of the medium and provide graphic novels the right to participate in the theoretical discourse, negotiate or even rearticulate it.
KEYWORDS
graphic novels, comics, self-referentiality, metatextuality
Cite this paper
References
Bakhtin, M. M. (1980). Questions of literature and aesthetics (greek translation George Spanos). Athens: Plethron.
Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction. A social critique to the judgment of taste (R. Nice, Trans.). Cambridge-Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Chinn, M., & Mcloughlin, C. (2007). Create your own graphic novel. Cambridge: Ilex.
Christodoulidou, L., & Moula, E. (2018). Graphic narrative: Ciritcal literacy and self-referential reframing of the field. Keimena, issue 26. January 2018 (in Greek—to be publshed).
Chute, H., & Dekoven, M. (2006). Introduction: Graphic Narrative. Στο H. Chute and M. DeKoven (Eds.). Graphic Narrative. Special issue of Modern Fiction Studies, 52(4), 767-782.
Clark, J. M., & Paivio, A. (1991). Dual coding theory and education. Psychology Review, 3(3), 149-170.
Cohn, N. (2010). The limits of time and transitions: Challenges to theories of sequential image comprehension. Studies in Comics, 1(1), 127-147.
Comber, B. (2001). Classroom explorations in critical literacy. Στο H. Fehring, and P. Green (Eds.). Critical literacy: A collection of articles from the Australian Literacy Educators’ Association (pp. 90-111). Newark, Delaware, International Reading Association.
Dittmar, F. J. (2008). Comic-alalyse. Konstanz UVK-Verl-Gesselschaft.
Dunne, M. (1992). Metapop: Self-referentiality in contemporary American popular culture. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.
Gee, J. (1996). Social linguistics and literacies ideology in discourses (2nd ed.). London: The Falmer Press.
Genette, G. (1997). Palimpsests: Literature in the second degree. Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press.
Genette, G. (1980). Narrative discourse: An essay in method. (J. Lewin, Trans.). Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Green, P. (2001). Critical literacy revisited. Στο H. Fehring and P. Green (Eds.). Critical literacy: A collection of articles from the Australian Literacy Educators’ Association (pp. 7-13). Newark, Delaware: International Reading Association.
Groensteen, T. (1990). Bandes désignées: de la réflexivité dans les bandes dessinées. Conséquences 13/14: Contrebandes: 132-165.
Hall, S. ([1973] 1980). Encoding/decoding. In Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (ed.), Culture, media, language: Working papers in cultural studies, 1972-79 (pp. 136-138). London: Hutchinson.
Hartifeild, C. (2009). Defining comics in the classroom; or, the Pros and cons of unfixability, teaching the graphic novel. In E. S. Tabachnick (Ed.), Teaching the graphic novel (pp. 19-27). New York: The Modern Language Association of America (MLA).
Hescher, A. (2016). Reading Graphic Novels. Genre and Narration. De Gruyter.
Inge, M. T. (1995). Anything can happen in a comicstrip. Centennial reflections on an American art form. Ohio State University Libraries, University Press of Mississippi and Randoph- Macon College.
Jacobs, D. (2013). Graphic encounters. Comics and the sponsorship of multimodal literacy. New York, London, New Delhi, Sydney: Bloomsbury.
Jacobson, S. (2007, May-August). After the graphic novel. The New Leader, 90(3/4), 45.
Labio, C. (2011). What’s in a name? The academic study of comics and the “graphic novel”. Cinema Journal,50(3), 123-126.
Lecigne, B. (1985). Editorial in Controverses 1 (pp. 5-23). Paris.
Lewis, D. (2012). Reading contemporary picturebooks: Picturing text. London and New York: Routledge/ Taylor and Francis.
Lyotard, F. (1979/1984). The postmodern condition. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Mccloud, S. (2000). Reinventing comics: How imagination and technology are revolutionizing an art form. New York: Perennial.
Meskin, A. (2009). Comics as literature? British Journal of Aesthetics, 49(3), 219-239.
Minnnemanm, M., & Schlickers, S. (Eds.). (2008). La novela picaresca. Concepto genérico y evolución del género (siglos XVI y XVII). Madrid-Pamplona, Vervuert
Moliterni, C. (1972). Narrative technique. Graphis 28 (159): 26-43 in W. Herdig and D. Pascal. The art of the comic strip. Zurich: The Graphis Press.
Nikolajeva, M. (1996). Children’s literature comes of age: Toward a new aesthetic. New York: Routledge.
Noth, W. (2001). Autorreferencialidad en la crisis de la modernidad. Cuadernos: Revista de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales, 17, 365-369.
Pier, J. (2005). Métalepses et hiérarchies narratives. Στο J. Pier and J. -M. Schaeffer (Eds). Métalepses. Entorses au pacte de la representation (pp. 133-150). Paris: Éd. de l’EHESS.
Pratt, H. J. (2009). Narrative in comics. Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 67, 107-117.
Sabin, R. (1996). Comics, comix & graphic novels: A history of graphic novels. London: Phaidon Press.
Tabbi, J., & Wutz, M. (Eds.). (1997). Introduction to reading matters: Narrative in the new media ecology (pp. 1-25). Ithaca Ν.Υ.: Cornell University Press.
Waugh, P. (1988). Metafiction: The theory and practice of self-conscious fiction. London: Routledge.
Williams, R. (1977). Marxism and literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Μoula, E., & Konstantinos, M. (2015). Word clouds: Comics and new literacies. Athens: Comicon.
Οikonomidou, S. (2011). A Thousand and one subversions. Modernity in literature for young ages. Athens: Patakis.
Works cited
Campbell, E. (2000). Alec, how to be an artist. Eddie Campbell Comix.
Clowes, D. (2012). Pussey! Fantagraphics Books, Inc.
Dematteis, J. M., & Glenn barr. (1994). Brooklyn dreams. Paradox Press.
Horrocks, D. (2014). Hicksville: A comic book. Drawn & Quarterly.
Jason, FIRST NAME., & Thompson, K. (2008). Pocket full of rain: And other stories. Fantagraphics Books.
Kochalka, J. (1999). The horiible truth about comics. Alternative comics.
Spiegelman, A. (2004). In the shadow of no towers. NY: Viking Adult.
Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction. A social critique to the judgment of taste (R. Nice, Trans.). Cambridge-Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Chinn, M., & Mcloughlin, C. (2007). Create your own graphic novel. Cambridge: Ilex.
Christodoulidou, L., & Moula, E. (2018). Graphic narrative: Ciritcal literacy and self-referential reframing of the field. Keimena, issue 26. January 2018 (in Greek—to be publshed).
Chute, H., & Dekoven, M. (2006). Introduction: Graphic Narrative. Στο H. Chute and M. DeKoven (Eds.). Graphic Narrative. Special issue of Modern Fiction Studies, 52(4), 767-782.
Clark, J. M., & Paivio, A. (1991). Dual coding theory and education. Psychology Review, 3(3), 149-170.
Cohn, N. (2010). The limits of time and transitions: Challenges to theories of sequential image comprehension. Studies in Comics, 1(1), 127-147.
Comber, B. (2001). Classroom explorations in critical literacy. Στο H. Fehring, and P. Green (Eds.). Critical literacy: A collection of articles from the Australian Literacy Educators’ Association (pp. 90-111). Newark, Delaware, International Reading Association.
Dittmar, F. J. (2008). Comic-alalyse. Konstanz UVK-Verl-Gesselschaft.
Dunne, M. (1992). Metapop: Self-referentiality in contemporary American popular culture. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.
Gee, J. (1996). Social linguistics and literacies ideology in discourses (2nd ed.). London: The Falmer Press.
Genette, G. (1997). Palimpsests: Literature in the second degree. Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press.
Genette, G. (1980). Narrative discourse: An essay in method. (J. Lewin, Trans.). Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Green, P. (2001). Critical literacy revisited. Στο H. Fehring and P. Green (Eds.). Critical literacy: A collection of articles from the Australian Literacy Educators’ Association (pp. 7-13). Newark, Delaware: International Reading Association.
Groensteen, T. (1990). Bandes désignées: de la réflexivité dans les bandes dessinées. Conséquences 13/14: Contrebandes: 132-165.
Hall, S. ([1973] 1980). Encoding/decoding. In Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (ed.), Culture, media, language: Working papers in cultural studies, 1972-79 (pp. 136-138). London: Hutchinson.
Hartifeild, C. (2009). Defining comics in the classroom; or, the Pros and cons of unfixability, teaching the graphic novel. In E. S. Tabachnick (Ed.), Teaching the graphic novel (pp. 19-27). New York: The Modern Language Association of America (MLA).
Hescher, A. (2016). Reading Graphic Novels. Genre and Narration. De Gruyter.
Inge, M. T. (1995). Anything can happen in a comicstrip. Centennial reflections on an American art form. Ohio State University Libraries, University Press of Mississippi and Randoph- Macon College.
Jacobs, D. (2013). Graphic encounters. Comics and the sponsorship of multimodal literacy. New York, London, New Delhi, Sydney: Bloomsbury.
Jacobson, S. (2007, May-August). After the graphic novel. The New Leader, 90(3/4), 45.
Labio, C. (2011). What’s in a name? The academic study of comics and the “graphic novel”. Cinema Journal,50(3), 123-126.
Lecigne, B. (1985). Editorial in Controverses 1 (pp. 5-23). Paris.
Lewis, D. (2012). Reading contemporary picturebooks: Picturing text. London and New York: Routledge/ Taylor and Francis.
Lyotard, F. (1979/1984). The postmodern condition. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Mccloud, S. (2000). Reinventing comics: How imagination and technology are revolutionizing an art form. New York: Perennial.
Meskin, A. (2009). Comics as literature? British Journal of Aesthetics, 49(3), 219-239.
Minnnemanm, M., & Schlickers, S. (Eds.). (2008). La novela picaresca. Concepto genérico y evolución del género (siglos XVI y XVII). Madrid-Pamplona, Vervuert
Moliterni, C. (1972). Narrative technique. Graphis 28 (159): 26-43 in W. Herdig and D. Pascal. The art of the comic strip. Zurich: The Graphis Press.
Nikolajeva, M. (1996). Children’s literature comes of age: Toward a new aesthetic. New York: Routledge.
Noth, W. (2001). Autorreferencialidad en la crisis de la modernidad. Cuadernos: Revista de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales, 17, 365-369.
Pier, J. (2005). Métalepses et hiérarchies narratives. Στο J. Pier and J. -M. Schaeffer (Eds). Métalepses. Entorses au pacte de la representation (pp. 133-150). Paris: Éd. de l’EHESS.
Pratt, H. J. (2009). Narrative in comics. Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 67, 107-117.
Sabin, R. (1996). Comics, comix & graphic novels: A history of graphic novels. London: Phaidon Press.
Tabbi, J., & Wutz, M. (Eds.). (1997). Introduction to reading matters: Narrative in the new media ecology (pp. 1-25). Ithaca Ν.Υ.: Cornell University Press.
Waugh, P. (1988). Metafiction: The theory and practice of self-conscious fiction. London: Routledge.
Williams, R. (1977). Marxism and literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Μoula, E., & Konstantinos, M. (2015). Word clouds: Comics and new literacies. Athens: Comicon.
Οikonomidou, S. (2011). A Thousand and one subversions. Modernity in literature for young ages. Athens: Patakis.
Works cited
Campbell, E. (2000). Alec, how to be an artist. Eddie Campbell Comix.
Clowes, D. (2012). Pussey! Fantagraphics Books, Inc.
Dematteis, J. M., & Glenn barr. (1994). Brooklyn dreams. Paradox Press.
Horrocks, D. (2014). Hicksville: A comic book. Drawn & Quarterly.
Jason, FIRST NAME., & Thompson, K. (2008). Pocket full of rain: And other stories. Fantagraphics Books.
Kochalka, J. (1999). The horiible truth about comics. Alternative comics.
Spiegelman, A. (2004). In the shadow of no towers. NY: Viking Adult.