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Article

Open Access

Trace Metal Contamination of Sediments in Naviundu River Basin, Luano and Ruashi Rivers and Luwowoshi Spring in Lubumbashi City, Democratic Republic of Congo

Author(s)

Bamba Bukengu Muhaya¹, Clarisse Zoza Kunyonga², Sonia Catherine Mulongo³, Faustin Zigabe Mushobekwa⁴ and Arthur Mubwebwe Bisimwa^{5, 6}

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DOI:10.17265/2162-5263/2017.09.003

Affiliation(s)

1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lubumbashi University, Lubumbashi 1825, D.R. Congo
2. Department of Material Engineering, Higher School of Industrial Engineers, Lubumbashi University, Lubumbashi 1825, D.R. Congo
3. Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Lubumbashi University, Lubumbashi 1825, D.R. Congo
4. Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, Lubumbashi University, Lubumbashi 1825, D.R. Congo
5. Natural Science Research Center (CRSN-Lwiro), D.S. Bukavu, D.R. Congo
6. Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Science, Kisangani University, Kisangani 2012, D.R. Congo

ABSTRACT

As (Arsenic), Ba (Barium), Cr (Chromium), Cu (Copper), Fe (Iron), Mne (Manganese), Pb (Lead) and Zn (Zinc) concentrations were investigated in sediments collected from fifteen sampling locations in Naviundu river basin, Luano and Ruashi rivers and Luwowoshi spring in Lubumbashi city from February to April 2016. Chemical analyses of the samples were carried out using a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Mean pH values ranged from 4.2 to 5.8. The sediment highest mean levels of As (40 mgkg^-1dw) and Cu (3,723 mgkg^-1dw) were noted in Chemaf (Chemicals of Africa) hydrometallurgical plant effluent, those of Pb (51.5 mgkg^-1dw) and Zn (335 mgkg^-1dw) were recorded in Kabecha river and those of Ba (657.5 mgkg^-1dw), Cr (75 mgkg^-1dw), Mn (591 mgkg^-1dw) and Fe (88,450 mgkg^-1dw) were respectively found in Naviundu river at Cimenkat (Katanga’s Cement factory) exit, Naviundu river under bridge on De Plaines avenue, Mukulu river and Foire channel. Mean As, Cu and Zn levels of sediments exceeded the corresponding SQGs (Sediment Quality Guidelines), PELs (Probable Effect Levels) in some of the studied rivers. They could have adverse effects on aquatic organisms in those rivers and on the health of people who depend on the rivers for water supply, irrigation and/or recreation.

KEYWORDS

Trace metals, pH, sediments, effluent, rivers, spring, Lubumbashi.

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References

Trace Metal Contamination of Sediments in Naviundu River Basin, Luano and Ruashi Rivers and Luwowoshi Spring in Lubumbashi City, Democratic Republic of Congo

Bamba Bukengu Muhaya1, Clarisse Zoza Kunyonga2, Sonia Catherine Mulongo3, Faustin Zigabe Mushobekwa4 and Arthur Mubwebwe Bisimwa5, 6

Bamba Bukengu Muhaya¹, Clarisse Zoza Kunyonga², Sonia Catherine Mulongo³, Faustin Zigabe Mushobekwa⁴ and Arthur Mubwebwe Bisimwa^{5, 6}