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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Article
Author(s)
Glenn Jeffries
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DOI:10.17265/2159-5828/2017.10.002
Affiliation(s)
Oak Solutions Group, Napa, California 94558, United States
ABSTRACT
Extraction and retention of
red wine phenolics, particularly anthocyanins and tannin, have historically
been a primary concern for many red wine producers. This research compares two
competing protocols designed to facilitate the extraction and retention of grape
phenolics through the addition of exogenous enological tannin to evaluate their
relative effectiveness. The first protocol involves adding exogenous tannin in
a single full-dose at or immediately after destemming/crushing the grapes. The
second protocol, commonly referred to as the “sacrificial” protocol, involves
splitting the addition into two half-doses. The first half-dose, or sacrificial
dose, is applied at or immediately after destemming/crushing, and the second
half-dose is added a few days later. The specific mechanisms involved in the
extraction dynamics are not elucidated here, however, phenolic profiling before
and during fermentation as well as one full year after, using UV-Vis and AWRI
tannin portal methodology, has shown a clear advantage to the use
of a single-dose protocol with respect to the extraction and retention of grape
phenolics. Possible explanations are proposed and discussed.
KEYWORDS
Winemaking, tannin, wine color, anthocyanin, tannin extraction, tannin-protein interaction.
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