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Article

Open Access

4th National Anti-tuberculosis Drug Resistance Survey in Kenya

Author(s)

Joseph Sitienei¹, Kamene Kimenye¹, Josephine Wahogo^1,6, Bernard Langat¹, Enos Masini¹, Obadiah Njuguna¹, Jane Ong’ang’o², Josephine Wahogo³, Sophie Matu³, Jeremiah Okari³, Maurice Maina⁴, Margret Mburu⁵, Herman Weyenga⁵, Jane Mwangi⁵, Lucy Nganga⁵, Agnes Langat⁵, Abraham Katana⁵, Hillary Kipruto^1,6 and Joel Kangangi⁶

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DOI:10.17265/2328-7136/2017.06.002

Affiliation(s)

1. Division of Leprosy Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Department of Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, Nairobi 20781, Kenya
2. Kenya Medical Research Institute [KEMRI], Centre for Respiratory Diseases Research, Nairobi 20781, Kenya
3. National TB Reference Laboratory, Department of Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, Nairobi 20781, Kenya
4. United States Agency for International Development [USAID], Department of Population and Health, Kenya and East Africa Office, Nairobi 20781, Kenya
5. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], Nairobi 20781, Kenya
6. World Health Organization [WHO], Kenya Country Office, Nairobi 20781, Kenya

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Recently rapid development of drug resistant TB, particularly MDR TB (Multi Drug Resistant TB) and XDRTB (Extensively Drug-Resistant TB) possess a major threat to control of tuberculosis globally. Information on the extent of MDR-TB from Kenya is largely limited due to several factors. Monitoring of development of resistance is a vital tool in providing critical information for effective planning for TB control and in management of patients infected with TB. Methods: Cross-sectional with cluster design. Results: A total of 2,171 participants recruited into the study from 50 selected clusters. Prevalence of rifampicin resistance for new cases was 1.3% [95% CI, 0.8-2.0] and INH resistance was 5.5% [95% CI, 4.5-6.7]. MDR TB was found in 0.67% of new cases and 2.1% amongst previously treated TB cases. Discussion: Resistance to isoniazid in Kenya has been on the decline due to introduction of rifampicin in combined therapy. There was increase of MDR TB among new cases by 24% and decline in previously treated cases due to lethal impact of HIV. Conclusions: Although drug resistance TB is a growing problem in Kenya, resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin MDR TB is less than previously estimated. The country should continue to monitor drug resistance and ensure effective use of anti TB medicines.

KEYWORDS

Multi drug resistant TB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, drug resistance, Kenya.

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