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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Article
Author(s)
Thayalini Thileepan1, Vasanthi Thevanesam2 and Selvaluxmy Kathirgamanathar3
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DOI:10.17265/2161-6256/2017.05.002
Affiliation(s)
1. Unit of Siddha Medicine, University of Jaffna, Jaffna 40000, Sri Lanka
2. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
3. Industrial Technology Institute, 363, Bauddhaloka Mawatha, Colombo-7, 00700, Sri Lanka
ABSTRACT
Myristica fragrans, known as nutmeg, is used in food applications. In traditional medicines, the seeds and leaves are
used to treat skin, respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases. Limited
antibacterial activity has been reported for this plant. The present study aimed to screen the decoction and methanolic extracts of the seeds and leaves of M.
fragrans against Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 6571, five strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 10662, Escherichia coli NCTC 10418, as well as essential oils from both parts against a panel of resistant bacteria
and Candida spp. in order to identify potential antimicrobial activity.
Antimicrobial activity
was evaluated using well (well diameter: 12 mm) and disc diffusion methods
(disc diameter: 6 mm). The decoction
and methanolic extract of leaves and methanolic extract of seeds of M.
fragrans showed inhibitory activity against S. aureus and all five
MRSA strains with zones of inhibition
(ZOI) = 16.0 ± 0.0 mm to 19.0
± 0.0 mm. The decoction and methanolic
extract of both parts did not show inhibitory activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa. However, both essential oils showed inhibitory
activity against S. aureus and the
five MRSA strains, as well as E. coli (ZOI = 9-15 mm). The essential oils from seed showed activity
against all tested multi-resistant bacteria
(ZOI = 7-12 mm). The essential oils from leaves showed
activity against Klebsiella pnemoniae, Acinetobacter spp., Enterobacter cloacae and group A beta-haemolytic streptococcus (ZOI = 8-12 mm). The essential oils showed inhibitory
activity against all tested Candida species
(ZOI = 8-15 mm). The
decoction, methanolic extract
and essential oils of leaves
have potential activity against sensitive and resistant S. aureus. This is the first report of inhibition of multi-resistant bacteria
and Candida spp. by the essential oils of leaves and seeds of M. fragrans which could be utilized
for pharmaceutical applications.
KEYWORDS
Antimicrobial activity, Myristica fragrans, multi-resistant microorganisms.
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