Affiliation(s)
1. Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences (FCA), Sao Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, 18.610-307, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
2. Agronomy Department, Cantareira Faculty (FIC), 03.020-000, São Paulo, Brazil
3. Agronomy Department, University of Mato Grosso State, 78.200-000, Caceres, Mato Grosso, Brazil
4. Natural Products Department, Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC), 13.001-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to
investigate, for the first time, the plant growth, essential
oil content and their chemical substances of Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC., the first Brazilian variety of
medicinal plant, in response to five doses of organic fertilizer (0, 10, 20,
30, 40 and 50 ton/ha)
over two harvest moments—120 d and 242 d after transplanting
(DAT). The work was carried out from February to October
2011 at the experimental farm of the Sao Paulo State University “Julio de
Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Brazil. The seedlings of B. trimera var. CPQBA-1 were
respectively transplanted into experiment plots under
six treatments: 0, 10,
20, 30, 40 and 50 ton/ha of organic fertilizer. Each treatment had four replications
and each plot consisted of 12 plants. Then they were harvested at 120 DAT and 242 DAT, and the essential oil
were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas
chromatograph. The results were subjected
to analysis of variance and the means were analysed using Tukey’s test (5%)
followed by a regression analysis. The fertilizer dose significantly influenced
the height of the plants in the second harvest,
while the higher dose of organic fertilizer positively impacted
the essential oil content in the first harvest. Also, the level of organic
fertilizer was directly correlated with the production of dry matter during the
regrowth. Twenty-seven
substances were identified in the essential oil samples, and the major
components were: bicyclogermacrene, trans-caryophyllene, germacrene-D,
spathulenol and caryophyllene oxide. These findings suggest that to obtain higher yields of dry
matter of B. trimera, it should be
harvested around 242 DAT and organic fertilizer should be applied approximately
to 50 ton/ha. Furthermore, higher
doses of organic fertilizer and harvest at 120 DAT is able to increase the
essential oil content.
KEYWORDS
Baccharis trimera,
Brazilian medicinal plant, dry matter, chemical substances, bicyclogermacrene.
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