Paper Status Tracking
Contact us
[email protected]
Click here to send a message to me 3275638434
Paper Publishing WeChat

Article
Affiliation(s)

Sahid Univeristy, Jakarta, Indonesia
Sahid Tourism Institute, Jakarta, Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Bunaken National Park (BNP) is one of the most beautiful ecotourism destinations in Indonesia, especially for diving. There is biodiversity, especially coral reefs, pelagic fish and turtles. Due to increased tourist arrivals, there has been damage of coral reefs and sea water pollution, so sustainability of BNP as a tourist destination is threatened. This study aims to choose the best strategy to ensure sustainability of BNP. The result of the study showed that the best suitable strategy to ensure the sustainability of BNP is to make BNP as a limited tourism by setting the visitors and increasing the entrance fee at least twice of current one.

KEYWORDS

BNP, ecotourism, sustainability, limited tourists, system

Cite this paper

Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Mar.-Apr. 2017, Vol. 5, No. 2, 78-85 doi: 10.17265/2328-2169/2017.04.004

References
Achmad, A., Ngakan, P. O., Umar, A., & Asrianny. (2012). Identification of vegetation cover and land physical potential for
ecotourism development in the field laboratory of forest resources conservation and ecotourism educational forest UNHAS.
Journal of Forestry Research Wallacea, 1(2), 87-102.
Anonimous. (2008). Baku criteria and guidelines for determining damage to mangroves. Ministry of Environment, Jakarta,
Indonesia.
Bater, J., et al. (2001). Planning for local level: Sustainable tourism development. Canadian Universities Consortium: Urban
Environment Management Project Training & Technology Transfer Program. Canadian International Development Agency.
Butler, R. W. (1980). The concept of a tourist area cycle of evolution: Implications for management of resources. The Canadian
Geographer, 24(1), 5-12.
Checkland, P., & Scholes, J. (1990). Soft systems methodology in action. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Cicin-Sain, B., & Knecht, R. W. (1998). Integrated coastal and ocean management: Concepts and practices. Washington, D.C.:
Island Press.
Dahuri, H. R., Rais, J., Ginting, S. P., & Sitepu, H. J. (1996). The integrated management of coastal area resources and marine, PT.
Prandya Paramita, Jakarta.
Dahuri, R. (2003). Building integrated coastal management capacity in Indonesia. Center for Coastal and Marine Resources
Study. Bogor Agriculture University, Indonesia.
Directorate General of Capture Fisheries. (2011). Capture fisheries statistics of Indonesia. Ministry of Marine Affairs and
Fisheries of Indonesia.
Drumm, A., & Moore, A. (2002). Ecotourism development: A manual for conservation planners and managers (Vol. 1). The
Nature Conservancy, Arlington, Virginia, USA.
Eriyatno, L. L. (2013). System science (2nd ed.). Gunawidya, Jakarta.
Hakim, L., Soemarno, M., & Hong, S. K. (2012). Challenges for conserving biodiversity and developing sustainable island
tourism in North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Journal of Ecology and Environment, 35(2), 61-71.
Kholil & Puspadewi, I. J. (2014). The use of MDS (multidimensional scaling) method to analyze the level of sustainability of

fisheries resources management in Thousand Islands, Indonesia. International Journal of Marine Science, 4(27), 245-255.

Kholil & Tangian, D. (2012). Institutional models of Bunaken National Park (BNP) management to ensure sustainability of
ecological and economic functions. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 1(2), 391-401.
Kholil, E. I., Kumala, P., & Listyarini, S. (2014). Approach system. Universitas Terbuka. Cetakan Pertama Maret 2014. Indonesia.
Kholil, Sukamdani, N., & Soecahyadi. (2017). Integrated promotion and regional cooperation for sustainable tourism
development: A case study in Padang Panjang Regency West Sumatra, Indonesia. Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social
Sciences, 3(4), 1-8.
Kholil, Susanty, S., & Soecahyadi. (2016). Potential leading resources in Padang Panjang City, West Sumatra: The development of
regional economic based on soft system methodology (SSM). Journal of Science Research and Reports, 9(7), 1-8.
Mendoza-Ramos, A., & Prideaux, B. (2017). Assessing ecotourism in an indigenous community: Using, testing and proving the
wheel of empowerment framework as a measurement tool. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1-15.
Mowforth, M., & Munt, I. (2009). Tourism and sustainability: Development, globalisation and new tourism in the third world
(3rd ed.). London: Routledge.
Nugroho, P., & Suryono, M. Y. (2013). Strategy ecotourism development in Pangandaran Beach Ciamis District Tsunami. Journal
of Marine Research, 2, 11-21.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD]. (1993). Environmental indicators: OECD core set. OECD,
Paris.
Purnobasuki, H. (2012). Ecotourism as supporting mangrove conservation. Biology Department FST Airlangga University.
Putra, A. C., Anggoro, S., & Kismartini. (2015). Ecotourism development strategy with mangrove ecosystem studies at Pramuka
Island, Kepulauan Seribu. Indonesian Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology, 10(2), 91-97.
Sangkaeng, S., Manan, L., & Oroh, S. G. (2015). The influence of image, promotion and quality of service to tourists satisfaction
in Bunaken Marine Park, North Sulawesi. Jurnal EMBA, 3(3), 1089-1100.
Speakman, M., & Garay, A. D. (2016). Perspectives on tourism development planning in Acapulco: Conventional methods and
complexity theory. International Journal of Tourism Sciences, 16(4), 203-221.
Supit, A. (2007). Impact of tourism visit toward change of coral reefs condition in Bunaken Island North Sulawesi Province
(Master thesis, Environmental Studies Program, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Unpublished).
Tangian, D., Djokosetiyanto, D., Kholil, & Munandar, A. (2015). Model of ecotourism management in small islands of Bunaken
National Park, North Sulawesi. Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Development Studies, 3(2), 75-84.
Tourism Agency of North Sulawesi. (2016). Regional economic review of North Sulawesi Province Quarter II 2016, Menado,
Indonesia.

About | Terms & Conditions | Issue | Privacy | Contact us
Copyright © 2001 - David Publishing Company All rights reserved, www.davidpublisher.com
3 Germay Dr., Unit 4 #4651, Wilmington DE 19804; Tel: 001-302-3943358 Email: [email protected]