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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Article
Author(s)
Vijayan Gurumurthy Iyer
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DOI:10.17265/2328-7144/2017.05.011
Affiliation(s)
Narasaraoapeta Engineering College, Guntur, India
ABSTRACT
Sustainable
wastewater treatment plant is a kind of wastewater treatment plant that meets
the needs of the present without
compromising the ability and efficacy of future generations to meet their own
wastewater treatment needs. Environmental and social impact
assessment (EIA) process for the existing Publicly Owned Wastewater Treatment
Plant (POTP) has been carried out. The
present research study involves
design and development of sustainable wastewater treatment plant that succeeds
to sustainable development management (SDM) of wastewater. Sustainable
wastewater treatment plants are designated as primary, secondary, and advanced
nutrient treatment plants. The benefits of sustainable wastewater treatment
plant are the removal of
principal wastewater constituents such as about 90 percent of the biochemical
oxygen demand (BOD), 90 percent
of the suspended solids (SS), 90
percent of total nitrogen, and 90 percent total phosphorus in wastewater rather
non-sustainable wastewater treatment (Iyer, 2011). Municipal wastewater
is over 99.9 percent water. Composition of treated wastewater has been
characterized and assessed from a Publicly Owned Wastewater Treatment Plant
(POTP) in Koyambedu located at Chennai,
India. American public health association (APHA) method has been followed (American
Public Health Association, AWWA (American Water Works Association), & Water
Environment Federation, 2012). The treatment plant treats wastewater having a
capacity of about 60 million liters day (MLD). Primary treatment plants utilize
physical unit operations. Secondary
and tertiary treatment plants utilize biological unit processes. In POTP
primary treatment removes only about 30 percent of the BOD and 70 percent of SS
and secondary treatment provides additional BOD and suspended solid removal,
beyond what is achievable by primary
treatment. It has been observed
that eutrophication is one of the
major problems in receiving streams as POTP does not possess advanced or
tertiary treatment plant. Some degree of safety is supplemented by chlorine disinfection. Odour of 45 unit has
been found after secondary treatment. It has been investigated that the
effluent has enough nutrients such as total nitrogen and total phosphorus, to
accelerate eutrophication that means no more than quarter of the nitrogen and
one-fifth of the phosphorus are removed during the secondary treatment. Since
receiving body of water is sensitive to eutrophication, advanced treatment
plant must be required in POTP for sustainable development. A model on sustainable wastewater
treatment plant (SWTP) has been designed and developed to facilitate
incorporation of such model in the existing POTP integrated with the advanced
or tertiary de-nitrification, phosphorus, and sulphur removal processes. SWTP
treated effluent reused for agricultural irrigation purpose and discharged into
environment as per safe legislation requirement. The legislation act,
in essence, requires advanced wastewater treatment facilities for all
POTP by stimulating that such facilities provide at least 90 percent of total
bod removal, which should translate into an effluent requirement of 10 mg/l for
both 5-day BOD and SS, total nitrogen of 0.3 mg/l and total phosphorus of 0.02
mg/l. The SWTP design shall solve
the existing environmental problems such as eutrophication and ground water
pollution. Thus, it gives better performance in terms of techno-environment
feasibility in wastewater treatment for SDM while incorporating mitigation
measure with the conventional POTP. It is concluded that the
existing POTP is considered as unsafe wastewater treatment plant in contextual
to environmental and social problems of eutrophication, oxygen depletion,
adverse fish toxicity, methemoglobin
anemia poisoning, chlorine disinfection, and excessive odor due to high
concentration of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in treated wastewater effluent. Further, it is suggested that modification
and/or obsolescence of the conventional POTP should be required for sustainable
development as POTP is inadequate.
KEYWORDS
advanced, eutrophication, denitrification, nutrient, phosphorus, sustainability, treatment, wastewater
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