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Affiliation(s)

1. Integrated Pest Control Research Center, Directorate of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Science & Technology, Baghdad 00964, Iraq
2. Directorate of Baghdad Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad 00964, Iraq

ABSTRACT

Cultural practices, hand collection of larvae, light traps and entomopathogenic fungi were investigated to manage of palm borers Oryctes spp. in date palm orchards during the years 2010-2015. Cultural practices, such as sanitation and pruning frond bases, hand collection of larvae during regular annual service work and light traps with solar energy were practiced annually in one orchard for five years. In the second orchard, cultural practices were applied for two years, light trap for one year only, and no hand collection of larvae was done during the period. The third orchard was used as a control treatment. Results showed reduction in population density of larvae (91.6% and 53.0%) and adult (76.1% and 41.1%) of Oryects spp. in the 1st and 2nd orchard, respectively. The results also demonstrated the impact of moon light phases on the number of Oryctes spp. adults caught by light trap and the existence of an inverse relation between moon light and flight activity of adults. Biological experiments also revealed that entomopathogenic fungi can cause high mortality rate reaching 100% after 29 d. Beauveria bassiana scored higher mortality rate in short time, especially at concentration of 1 × 1011 conidia/mL with LT50 = 12.75 and LT90 = 20; while, Metarhizium anisopliae caused the higher percentage of malformed adults. The results depicted the effectiveness of some integrated ecological sound control methods for monitoring and population suppression of Oryects spp. in date palm orchards. 

KEYWORDS

Integrated pest management, cultural practices, hand collection of larvae, light traps, moon light, entomopathogenic fungi, Oryects spp..

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