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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Article
Author(s)
Onur Tosun1 and Mustafa Yaman2
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DOI:10.17265/2162-5263/2016.11.001
Affiliation(s)
1. Giresun University, Alucra Turan Bulutçu Vocational School, Giresun 28700, Turkey
2. Karadeniz Technical University, Department of Biology, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
ABSTRACT
20 localities were randomly selected in Eastern Black Sea Region of
Turkey and samples were collected from around the beehives from April to
September. Total of 4,640 dead adult worker bees were examined during the study. Total infection
rate in worker bees was 21.23%. Nosema ceranae was identified in all
localities with molecular techniques. Temperature and humidity values were
measured from around the beehives during field studies. The infection rate of N. ceranae increased proportionally with
increasing temperature and humidity factors. Humidity was more effective than
temperature on the infection rate of N. ceranae. The seasonal activity
of N. ceranae was studied. The
highest infection rates were observed in June and July. N. ceranae infection rate was
higher in localities that were in low-altitude than
in localities that were in high-altitude.
KEYWORDS
Temperature, humidity, geographical distribution, Nosema ceranae, Apis mellifera, Turkey.
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