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Article
Affiliation(s)

1. International Center of Renewable Energies/Biogas and International Center of Hydroinformatics (Itaipu Binational), Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná 80030180, Brazil
2. Urban Management Program, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná 80215-901, Brazil
3. Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy and School of Geography & Development, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States

ABSTRACT

Rapid economic growth, increasing populations and emergent prosperity are driving up demand for energy, water and food, especially in developing countries. In this scenario, the analysis of these three elements has gained the increasing      attention globally in research, business and policy spheres. This paper aims to provide an analysis of the perspectives of this nexus for Brazil and the United States, using current and predicted scenario for 2050. Considering the importance of renewable sources of energy to overcome these challenges and diversify the energy matrix in both countries, the paper will also present the biogas potential for both countries, which provides multiple economic, environmental and social benefits, such as electrical, thermal and vehicular energy, high-quality biofertilizer, reduction of odor and pathogenic vectors in the farms, decrease of  ground and surface water pollution, promotion of new income for the farmers, reduction of the greenhouse gases emissions, among others.

KEYWORDS

Water-energy-food nexus, sustainability, renewable energy, biogas.

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